Nonuniformity in ligaments is a structural strategy for optimizing functionality.
Nonuniformity in ligaments is a structural strategy for optimizing functionality.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1807324115
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发表时间：
2018-09-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Olsen BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naveh GRS;Foster JE;Silva Santisteban TM;Yang X;Olsen BR
结构与功能是相互交织、不可分割的。因此，结构-功能依赖序列大多不清楚。使用牙周韧带作为模型，采用利用microCT内部加载系统的技术，我们能够在3D中可视化新鲜胶原蛋白网络，并将其分布和方向与施加在韧带上的负载相关联。我们发现，韧带结构是不均匀的，并确定之前，它成为功能，因此，我们建议，结构的不均匀性是专门设计的，以优化韧带功能，它所承受的可变力。韧带作为硬组织之间的顺应性连接器。在这一作用中，它们在各种负荷状态和方向下发挥作用。韧带的3D结构被认为是作为由于功能而变化的统一实体形成的。牙周膜（PDL）将牙齿连接到骨骼，并在各个方向上承受不同类型的载荷。使用PDL作为一个模型，采用制造的机动设置在microCT，我们证明了PDL内的纤维网络结构是不均匀的，甚至在牙齿变得功能。利用形态学自动分割方法，方向性分析，以及二次谐波生成成像，我们发现血管分布和纤维密度之间的高度相关性。我们还显示了一个结构特征，在一个致密的衣领周围的颈部的牙齿，以及一个首选的方向的纤维网络。最后，我们表明PDL发展为一种非均匀结构，其架构旨在承受指定区域中特定类型的负载。基于这些研究结果，我们建议韧带一般应被视为非均匀的实体，结构已经在发展阶段的最佳功能下的可变负荷制度。
Structure and function are intermingled and inseparable. Therefore, the structure–function dependency sequence is mostly unclear. Using the periodontal ligament as a model, employing a technique utilizing a loading system inside a microCT, we were able to visualize in 3D the fresh collagen networks and correlate their distribution and direction with loads exerted on the ligament. We show that the ligament structure is not uniform and is determined before it becomes functional, and therefore we propose that structural nonuniformity is specifically designed to optimize ligament function to the variable forces it sustains. Ligaments serve as compliant connectors between hard tissues. In that role, they function under various load regimes and directions. The 3D structure of ligaments is considered to form as a uniform entity that changes due to function. The periodontal ligament (PDL) connects the tooth to the bone and sustains different types of loads in various directions. Using the PDL as a model, employing a fabricated motorized setup in a microCT, we demonstrate that the fibrous network structure within the PDL is not uniform, even before the tooth becomes functional. Utilizing morphological automated segmentation methods, directionality analysis, as well as second harmonic generation imaging, we find high correlation between blood vessel distribution and fiber density. We also show a structural feature in a form of a dense collar around the neck of the tooth as well as a preferred direction of the fibrous network. Finally, we show that the PDL develops as a nonuniform structure, with an architecture designed to sustain specific types of load in designated areas. Based on these findings, we propose that ligaments in general should be regarded as nonuniform entities, structured already at developmental stages for optimal functioning under variable load regimes.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1119474109
发表时间：
2012-05-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Mandal, Biman B.;Grinberg, Ariela;Kaplan, David L.
通讯作者：
Kaplan, David L.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Shoji-Matsunaga A;Ono T;Hayashi M;Takayanagi H;Moriyama K;Nakashima T
通讯作者：
Nakashima T
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
MATYAS, JR;ANTON, MG;FRANK, CB
通讯作者：
FRANK, CB
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Niyibizi, C;Visconti, CS;Woo, SLY
通讯作者：
Woo, SLY
影响因子：
3
作者：
Naveh, Gili R. S.;Shahar, Ron;Weiner, Steve
通讯作者：
Weiner, Steve