Affect-congruent attention modulates generalized reward expectations.
Affect-congruent attention modulates generalized reward expectations.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011707
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发表时间：
2023-12
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
积极和消极的情感状态分别与对未来奖励的乐观和悲观预期相关。可能构成这些与情感相关的期望偏差的一种机制是关注正价特征与负价特征（例如，关注餐厅的正面评价与其昂贵的价格）。在这里，我们测试了 120 名参与者通过眼动追踪完成复合泛化任务时实验诱发的积极和消极影响对基于特征的注意力的影响。我们发现参与者对新的复合刺激的奖励期望以情感一致的方式调节：积极的情感诱导增加了对化合物的奖励期望，而消极的情感诱导降低了奖励期望。计算模型和眼动追踪分析均表明，这些效应是由参与者对化合物的高价值特征和低价值特征的注意力分配的情感一致变化驱动的。这些结果提供了对情感在广义奖励期望中产生偏差的过程的机制洞察。积极的情感状态与乐观的未来预期相关，消极的情感状态与悲观的未来预期相关。然而，支持这些奖励期望的情感一致转变的认知机制仍不清楚。为了研究这个问题，我们关注基于特征的注意力，即对刺激的不同特征的注意力影响该刺激的估计值的过程。我们制定了一种新的复合泛化范式来研究个体如何将注意力分配到新颖复合刺激的高价值和低价值成分上，并采用了结合眼动追踪和行为数据计算建模的多方法方法。至关重要的是，我们的中心实验操作是在任务的泛化阶段进行受控的受试者间实验室影响诱导。这项研究的结果清楚地将基于特征的注意力确定为情感状态影响奖励期望的认知机制：在积极的情感状态下，参与者更强烈地关注复合刺激中的高价值线索（因此对化合物形成更乐观的奖励期望）。在消极情感状态下，情况正好相反：参与者更强烈地关注复合刺激中的低价值线索，因此对化合物形成更悲观的奖励期望。这些行为和建模发现分别得到了眼球追踪数据证据的证实。
Positive and negative affective states are respectively associated with optimistic and pessimistic expectations regarding future reward. One mechanism that might underlie these affect-related expectation biases is attention to positive- versus negative-valence features (e.g., attending to the positive reviews of a restaurant versus its expensive price). Here we tested the effects of experimentally induced positive and negative affect on feature-based attention in 120 participants completing a compound-generalization task with eye-tracking. We found that participants’ reward expectations for novel compound stimuli were modulated in an affect-congruent way: positive affect induction increased reward expectations for compounds, whereas negative affect induction decreased reward expectations. Computational modelling and eye-tracking analyses each revealed that these effects were driven by affect-congruent changes in participants’ allocation of attention to high- versus low-value features of compounds. These results provide mechanistic insight into a process by which affect produces biases in generalized reward expectations. Positive affective states are associated with optimistic future expectations, and negative affect is associated with pessimistic future expectations. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underpin these affect-congruent shifts in reward expectations remain unclear. To investigate this question, we focused on feature-based attention, the process by which attention to the different features of a stimulus influences the estimated value of that stimulus. We formulated a new compound generalisation paradigm to investigate how individuals allocate attention to high- versus low-value components of novel compound stimuli, and adopted a multi-method approach combining eye-tracking and computational modelling of behavioural data. Crucially, our central experimental manipulation was a controlled between-subjects laboratory affect induction during the generalisation phase of the task. The results of this study clearly identify feature-based attention as a cognitive mechanism by which affective states influence reward expectations: in positive affective states, participants attended more strongly to high-value cues within compound stimuli (and therefore formed more optimistic reward expectations for the compounds). In negative affective states, the converse was true: participants attended more strongly to low-value cues within compound stimuli, and therefore formed more pessimistic reward expectations for the compounds. These behavioural and modelling findings were separately corroborated by evidence from eye-tracking data.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
EYSENCK, MW;MOGG, K;MATHEWS, A
通讯作者：
MATHEWS, A
影响因子：
16.4
作者：
BOWER, GH
通讯作者：
BOWER, GH
影响因子：
2
作者：
Anderson BA;Laurent PA;Yantis S
通讯作者：
Yantis S
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Dion, Michelle L.;Sumner, Jane Lawrence;Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Bennett D;Davidson G;Niv Y
通讯作者：
Niv Y