Size‐balanced community reorganization in response to nutrients and warming
Size‐balanced community reorganization in response to nutrients and warming
复制标题
响应营养和变暖的规模平衡群落重组
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13019
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
M. Emmerson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David J McElroy;Eoin J. O’Gorman;Florian D. Schneider;Hanne Hetjens;Prune Le Merrer;R. A. Coleman;M. Emmerson
人们普遍认为，全球变暖将对生态群落产生不利影响。由于生态系统同时受到其他人类活动的影响，必须在许多压力因素的背景下处理气候变化的影响。富营养化可能会抵消变暖对生物体的一些能量需求，因为它刺激了食物网底层的生长。了解气候变暖的间接影响在生态学上是否与直接的生理影响一样重要是很重要的。身体尺寸的减小越来越被视为对变暖的普遍反应，并有可能改变营养相互作用。为了解决这些问题，我们使用了一个室外阵列的海洋围隔生态系统，以检查变暖，营养丰富和改变顶级捕食者的身体大小的影响，对社区组成的捕食者（海岸蟹Carcinus maenas），各种放牧食草动物（片脚类动物）和藻类资源。升温增加了螃蟹的死亡率，但对它们的蜕皮率没有影响。养分富集和变暖对组合产生了几乎截然相反的影响，证实了这两种压力的生态效应可以相互抵消。这表明，营养丰富的系统可能作为一个能源避难所的物种种群的代谢限制，由于变暖。虽然有一个很大的差异，在集合中含有螃蟹相比，没有螃蟹的围隔生态系统，减少螃蟹的大小没有检测到影响的片足类或藻类组合。这表明，在异速生长平衡的群落中，变暖的预期长期效应（体型下降）与变暖的直接生理效应并不具有相似的生态后果，至少在本文所述的六周实验期间没有。需要更多的研究来确定身体尺寸下降对自然群落生物能量平衡的长期影响。
It is widely accepted that global warming will adversely affect ecological communities. As ecosystems are simultaneously exposed to other anthropogenic influences, it is important to address the effects of climate change in the context of many stressors. Nutrient enrichment might offset some of the energy demands that warming can exert on organisms by stimulating growth at the base of the food web. It is important to know whether indirect effects of warming will be as ecologically significant as direct physiological effects. Declining body size is increasingly viewed as a universal response to warming, with the potential to alter trophic interactions. To address these issues, we used an outdoor array of marine mesocosms to examine the impacts of warming, nutrient enrichment and altered top‐predator body size on a community comprised of the predator (shore crab Carcinus maenas), various grazing detritivores (amphipods) and algal resources. Warming increased mortality rates of crabs, but had no effect on their moulting rates. Nutrient enrichment and warming had near diametrically opposed effects on the assemblage, confirming that the ecological effects of these two stressors can cancel each other out. This suggests that nutrient‐enriched systems might act as an energy refuge to populations of species under metabolic constraints due to warming. While there was a strong difference in assemblages between mesocosms containing crabs compared to mesocosms without crabs, decreasing crab size had no detectable effect on the amphipod or algal assemblages. This suggests that in allometrically balanced communities, the expected long‐term effect of warming (declining body size) is not of similar ecological consequence to the direct physiological effects of warming, at least not over the six week duration of the experiment described here. More research is needed to determine the long‐term effects of declining body size on the bioenergetic balance of natural communities.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2012.0230
发表时间：
2012-11-05
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Binzer, Amrei;Guill, Christian;Rall, Bjoern C.
通讯作者：
Rall, Bjoern C.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Ehnes, Roswitha B.;Rall, Bjoern C.;Brose, Ulrich
通讯作者：
Brose, Ulrich