Neutralizing antibodies protect mice against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge.

Neutralizing antibodies protect mice against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus aerosol challenge.
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.20212532
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发表时间:
2022-04-04
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
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Kafai等人。描述针对委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒E2糖蛋白的中和鼠和人单抗,保护小鼠免受致命气溶胶病毒的攻击。这些单抗表现出明显的表位特异性,并阻断病毒复制周期中的多个步骤。委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(VEEV)仍然是疫情出现或用作雾化生物武器的风险。为了开发可能的对策,我们从VEEV弱毒株免疫的小鼠和人身上分离出VEEV特异性中和单抗(MAbs)。功能分析和表位定位证实,有效的抑制性抗VEEV单抗与E2糖蛋白A或B区域的不同抗原结合,并阻断病毒复制周期中的多个步骤,包括附着、融合和出口。对与人Fab结合的VEEV病毒样颗粒进行的3.2°冷冻电子显微镜重建表明,抗体与B区的结合可能导致相邻尖峰的交联,以防止病毒融合的构象要求。用这些单抗预防或暴露后治疗可保护小鼠免受VEEV的致命气雾剂攻击。我们的研究确定了单抗保护的功能和结构机制,并建议VEEV上的多个抗原决定簇可以作为疫苗或抗体治疗开发的靶点。
Kafai et al. describe neutralizing murine and human mAbs targeting the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus E2 glycoprotein that protect mice against lethal aerosol virus challenge. These mAbs exhibit distinct epitope specificity and block multiple steps in the virus replication cycle. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) remains a risk for epidemic emergence or use as an aerosolized bioweapon. To develop possible countermeasures, we isolated VEEV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice and a human immunized with attenuated VEEV strains. Functional assays and epitope mapping established that potently inhibitory anti-VEEV mAbs bind distinct antigenic sites in the A or B domains of the E2 glycoprotein and block multiple steps in the viral replication cycle including attachment, fusion, and egress. A 3.2-Å cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of VEEV virus-like particles bound by a human Fab suggests that antibody engagement of the B domain may result in cross-linking of neighboring spikes to prevent conformational requirements for viral fusion. Prophylaxis or postexposure therapy with these mAbs protected mice against lethal aerosol challenge with VEEV. Our study defines functional and structural mechanisms of mAb protection and suggests that multiple antigenic determinants on VEEV can be targeted for vaccine or antibody-based therapeutic development.
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