Production and vertical distribution of invertebrates on riprap shorelines in Chesapeake Bay: A novel rocky intertidal habitat
Production and vertical distribution of invertebrates on riprap shorelines in Chesapeake Bay: A novel rocky intertidal habitat
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切萨皮克湾抛石海岸线上无脊椎动物的生产和垂直分布：一种新的岩石潮间带栖息地
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106357
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lipcius, Romuald N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seitz, Rochelle D.;Aguilera, Stacy;Wood, Megan A.;Lipcius, Romuald N.
沿着北美中大西洋海岸，软沉积物海岸线用坚硬的衬底装甲，如抛石(岩石护岸)，以防止侵蚀。这些结构对于确定人为对海洋生态系统的影响很有价值，而碎石可能代表着一个类似于具有多产物种组合的“新兴生态系统”的栖息地。该项目的目标是(I)量化切萨皮克湾不同地点与装甲(即抛石)生境有关的物种多样性、次生生产力和垂直分布，以及(Ii)在没有天然岩石潮间带生境的系统中，比较抛石和天然软沉积物生境上的底栖动物生产量。对切萨皮克湾下游(Lynnaven River)和上游(Patuxent River)相邻生境中抛石底栖动物和底栖动物的密度、多样性和次生生产力进行了比较。为了比较不同物理特征的支流之间以及与其他系统的天然岩质潮间带生境之间的差异，对南部(Lynnaven River)和北部(Piankatank River)的抛石上的牡蛎、贻贝和藤壶的垂直分布进行了量化。该假设是，由于温度(北部地区的热应力)或渗透应力(更大的上游)等物理变量的不同，不同河流和不同地区的抛石组合和次生生产力将有所不同，模式将与天然岩石生境类似。我们预测，抛石上的生产力将相对较高，并与多样性呈正相关，这表明它是一个“新兴生态系统”中的栖息地，出现了新的物种和栖息地组合。抛石上的底栖底栖动物生产量是天然底栖动物生产量的7倍，两者都倾向于在林纳黑文地区最高。抛石上的垂直分布与天然岩质潮间带相似：牡蛎和贻贝的密度在中潮间带和低潮间带最高，而藤壶的密度在高潮间带最大，在南部潮间带最大，在北部潮间带低。与该地区自然的、非动物性的、软底的生境相比，抛石上的次生生产力较高。物种丰富度和表层区系非牡蛎产量与牡蛎产量呈正相关。我们证明，潮间带抛石装甲海岸线是新兴生态系统中一个富有成效的新栖息地，它们提高了物种多样性、丰富度和产量。因此，抛石海岸线模拟了天然硬底生境的生态特征，由于抛石的广泛使用和分布，它们可能对整个大西洋和墨西哥湾海岸的生态系统功能做出重大贡献。
Along the North American Mid-Atlantic coast, soft-sediment shorelines are armored with hard substrata, such as riprap (rock revetments), for erosion protection. These structures are valuable for determining anthropogenic effects on marine ecosystems, and riprap potentially represents a habitat similar to an “emerging ecosystem” with productive species assemblages. The goals of this project were to (i) quantify species diversity, secondary production, and vertical distribution associated with armored (i.e., riprap) habitats in various locations in Chesapeake Bay and (ii) compare benthic epifaunal production on riprap with infaunal production on natural soft-sediment habitats in a system where natural rocky intertidal habitats are absent. Density, diversity, and secondary production of benthic epifauna on riprap and benthic infauna were compared in adjacent habitats in lower (Lynnhaven River) and upper (Patuxent River) Chesapeake Bay. To compare riprap habitat between tributaries that differed in physical characteristics and with natural rocky intertidal habitats from other systems, oyster, mussel, and barnacle vertical distribution on riprap in southern (Lynnhaven River) and northern (Piankatank River) locations was quantified. The hypothesis was that riprap assemblages and secondary production would differ between rivers and among regions due to differences in physical variables such as temperature (thermal stress in northern locations), or osmotic stress (greater upriver), and patterns would be comparable to natural rocky habitats. We predicted that productivity would be relatively high and relate positively with diversity on riprap, suggesting that it is a habitat within an “emerging ecosystem” where new combinations of species and habitat appear. Benthic epifaunal production on riprap was sevenfold greater than natural infaunal production, and both tended to be highest in the Lynnhaven. Vertical distribution on riprap was similar to that on natural rocky intertidal habitats: oyster and mussel densities tended to be highest in the mid- and low-intertidal zones, whereas barnacle density was greatest in the high intertidal at the southern location and the low intertidal in the northern location. Secondary productivity on riprap was high relative to the natural, infaunal, soft-bottom habitat in this area. Species richness and epifaunal non-oyster production were positively related to oyster production. We demonstrate that intertidal riprap-armored shorelines are a productive novel habitat in an emerging ecosystem, and they enhance species diversity, abundance, and production. Thus, riprap shorelines mimic the ecological characteristics of natural hard-bottom habitats, and they may contribute substantially to ecosystem function throughout the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts due to riprap's widespread use and distribution.
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