Bovine Tuberculosis in Britain and Ireland - A Perfect Storm? the Confluence of Potential Ecological and Epidemiological Impediments to Controlling a Chronic Infectious Disease.
Bovine Tuberculosis in Britain and Ireland - A Perfect Storm? the Confluence of Potential Ecological and Epidemiological Impediments to Controlling a Chronic Infectious Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2018.00109
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Byrne AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen AR;Skuce RA;Byrne AW
在过去50年中，一些欧洲国家和其他国家实施了牛结核病（bTB）的成功根除计划。然而，除了苏格兰最近的例外，不列颠和爱尔兰岛在这一趋势中仍然是一个明显的偏差。为什么根除计划在这些国家失败了，而在其他地方类似的计划显然已经成功了？虽然在其他地方已经讨论了重要的社会经济和政治因素作为消灭疾病的关键决定因素，但在这里，我们审查了这些岛屿相对于欧洲其他地区存在的一些潜在的生态和流行病学限制因素。我们认为，这些潜在因素的收敛可能会相互作用，以减少目前的控制方案的潜力，以实现根除。确定的问题包括诊断测试方法的异质性，存在丰富的野生动物感染库以及可持续有效管理这一风险的挑战；养牛业的性质、规模、密度和网络结构；牛分枝杆菌株异质性对疾病传播动力学的潜在影响；并发地方性感染对披露真正感染动物的可能影响；气候差异和变化加上环境污染。我们进一步认为，控制和根除这种复杂疾病可能受益于生态系统层面的管理方法。我们希望这一观点能够激发关于可能影响英国和爱尔兰bTB根除计划的许多因素的新对话，并可能在已确定的领域激发新的研究。
Successful eradication schemes for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) have been implemented in a number of European and other countries over the last 50 years. However, the islands of Britain and Ireland remain a significant aberration to this trend, with the recent exception of Scotland. Why have eradication schemes failed within these countries, while apparently similar programs have been successful elsewhere? While significant socio-economic and political factors have been discussed elsewhere as key determinants of disease eradication, here we review some of the potential ecological and epidemiological constraints that are present in these islands relative to other parts of Europe. We argue that the convergence of these potential factors may interact additively to diminish the potential of the present control programs to achieve eradication. Issues identified include heterogeneity of diagnostic testing approaches, the presence of an abundant wildlife reservoir of infection and the challenge of sustainably managing this risk effectively; the nature, size, density and network structure of cattle farming; potential effects of Mycobacterium bovis strain heterogeneity on disease transmission dynamics; possible impacts of concurrent endemic infections on the disclosure of truly infected animals; climatological differences and change coupled with environmental contamination. We further argue that control and eradication of this complex disease may benefit from an ecosystem level approach to management. We hope that this perspective can stimulate a new conversation about the many factors potentially impacting bTB eradication schemes in Britain and Ireland and possibly stimulate new research in the areas identified.
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