Effect of Sediment Supply on Cyclic Fluctuations of the Disequilibrium Ratio and Threshold Transport Discharge, Inferred From Bedload Transport Measurements Over 27 Years at the Swiss Erlenbach Stream

Effect of Sediment Supply on Cyclic Fluctuations of the Disequilibrium Ratio and Threshold Transport Discharge, Inferred From Bedload Transport Measurements Over 27 Years at the Swiss Erlenbach Stream
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泥沙供应对不平衡比和阈值输送流量循环波动的影响,根据瑞士埃伦巴赫河 27 年来的底质输送测量推断

DOI:
10.1029/2020wr027741
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Rickenmann
Rickenmann
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rickenmann

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即使在恒定的水力压力作用下,天然河道中的泥沙输运通常也会表现出很大的波动。研究表明,起动的门槛剪应力取决于河床形态和河道坡度,并可能受到洪水历史效应的影响。这项研究是基于27年来用冲击板测量获得的一组独特的推移质输沙连续野外观测数据,涉及500多次输沙洪水事件。定义了不平衡比,它代表每个事件的观测推移质质量除以通过洪水事件时间积分的推移质输运方程计算的推移质质量。不平衡比围绕由其中值定义的平衡条件以循环行为变化。一个周期的平均持续时间取决于上游泥沙供应或床上的可用性,而较长的周期与床上较大的活跃层相关。对于不平衡比和床层状态的时间演变,记忆效应是明显的,由观测确定的阈值输运条件确定为输沙事件开始和结束时的临界流量。不平衡比和阈值输运流量彼此成反比,很可能提供了一种控制平衡态附近波动的反馈机制。考虑到记忆效应,即前一次事件后的床面状态,提高了对下一次事件的推移质输送的预测。
Bedload transport in natural channels typically shows large fluctuations even for constant hydraulic forcing. It has been shown that the threshold shear stress for initiation of motion depends, for example, on the bed morphology and on channel slope and that it may be influenced by flood history effects. This study is based on a unique data set of continuous field observations of bedload transport acquired during 27 years with impact plate measurements and involving more than 500 sediment‐transporting flood events. A disequilibrium ratio is defined which represents the observed bedload mass per event divided by the bedload mass calculated via a bedload transport equation integrated over the time of a flood event. The disequilibrium ratio varies in a cyclic behavior around equilibrium conditions defined by its median value. The mean duration of a cycle depends on upstream sediment supply or availability on the bed, and longer cycles are associated with a larger active layer on the bed. A memory effect is evident regarding the temporal evolution of both disequilibrium ratio and bed state as reflected by threshold transport conditions, determined from the observations as the critical discharge at the start and at the end of a bedload‐transporting event. The disequilibrium ratio and the threshold transport discharge are inversely correlated with each other, likely providing a feedback mechanism governing the fluctuations around an equilibrium state. Accounting for the memory effect, that is, for the bed state after the previous event, improves the prediction of bedload transport for the following event.
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