Insight into RNA-DNA primer length counting by human primosome.

Insight into RNA-DNA primer length counting by human primosome.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkac492
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发表时间:
2022-06-24
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Tahirov, Tahir H.
Tahirov, Tahir H.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baranovskiy, Andrey G.;Lisova, Alisa E.;Morstadt, Lucia M.;Babayeva, Nigar D.;Tahirov, Tahir H.

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人类的启动子是启动子酶和DNA聚合酶α(Polα)的四亚基复合物,它合成有限长度的嵌合RNA-DNA引物,用于DNA聚合酶δ和β启动两条染色体链上的DNA复制。尽管最近对其两个催化中心的作用的结构见解,但DNA合成终止的机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们报告的功能和结构的研究结果,揭示了人类的原始体计数RNA-DNA引物长度和及时终止DNA延伸。使用单转换引物延伸试验,我们定义了决定成熟引物长度(135-mer)的两个因素:(i)DNA引发酶大亚基(p58 C)的C-末端结构域与引物5′-末端的紧密相互作用,以及(ii)p58 C和DNA聚合酶α催化核心结构域(p180核心)通过延伸接头与引发体平台结构域的柔性连接。所获得的数据使我们能够得出结论,p58 C是RNA-DNA引物合成的所有步骤的关键调节因子。上述发现提供了对真核启动子DNA合成终止机制的显著见解,启动子DNA合成终止机制是确保引物成功移交至复制DNA聚合酶和维持基因组完整性的重要过程。
The human primosome, a four-subunit complex of primase and DNA polymerase alpha (Polα), synthesizes chimeric RNA–DNA primers of a limited length for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon to initiate DNA replication on both chromosome strands. Despite recent structural insights into the action of its two catalytic centers, the mechanism of DNA synthesis termination is still unclear. Here we report results of functional and structural studies revealing how the human primosome counts RNA–DNA primer length and timely terminates DNA elongation. Using a single-turnover primer extension assay, we defined two factors that determine a mature primer length (∼35-mer): (i) a tight interaction of the C-terminal domain of the DNA primase large subunit (p58C) with the primer 5′-end, and (ii) flexible tethering of p58C and the DNA polymerase alpha catalytic core domain (p180core) to the primosome platform domain by extended linkers. The obtained data allow us to conclude that p58C is a key regulator of all steps of RNA–DNA primer synthesis. The above-described findings provide a notable insight into the mechanism of DNA synthesis termination by a eukaryotic primosome, an important process for ensuring successful primer handover to replication DNA polymerases and for maintaining genome integrity.
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