Brain Co-Processors: Using AI to Restore and Augment Brain Function
Brain Co-Processors: Using AI to Restore and Augment Brain Function
复制标题
大脑协处理器：利用人工智能恢复和增强大脑功能
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_32-1
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rajesh P. N. Rao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rajesh P. N. Rao
脑机接口（BCI）使用解码算法来控制基于大脑信号的假肢设备，以恢复失去的功能。另一方面，计算机-大脑接口（CBIs）使用编码算法将外部感觉信号转换为神经刺激模式，以恢复感觉或为闭环假肢控制提供感觉反馈。在本文中，我们介绍了大脑协处理器，这些设备使用人工智能（AI）将联合收割机解码和编码结合在统一框架中，以补充或增强大脑功能。大脑协处理器可用于一系列应用，从诱导Hebbian可塑性用于脑损伤后的康复，到使瘫痪的肢体复活和增强记忆。一个关键的挑战是同时进行多通道神经解码和编码，以优化外部行为或任务相关的目标。我们描述了一个基于人工神经网络、深度学习和强化学习开发大脑协处理器的新框架。这些“神经协处理器”允许与神经系统联合优化成本函数，以实现所需的行为。通过将人工神经网络与其生物对应物相结合，神经协处理器提供了一种恢复和增强大脑的新方法，以及大脑研究的新科学工具。最后，我们讨论了大脑协处理器的潜在应用和伦理影响。
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use decoding algorithms to control prosthetic devices based on brain signals for restoration of lost function. Computer-brain interfaces (CBIs), on the other hand, use encoding algorithms to transform external sensory signals into neural stimulation patterns for restoring sensation or providing sensory feedback for closed-loop prosthetic control. In this article, we introduce brain co-processors, devices that combine decoding and encoding in a unified framework using artificial intelligence (AI) to supplement or augment brain function. Brain co-processors can be used for a range of applications, from inducing Hebbian plasticity for rehabilitation after brain injury to reanimating paralyzed limbs and enhancing memory. A key challenge is simultaneous multi-channel neural decoding and encoding for optimization of external behavioral or task-related goals. We describe a new framework for developing brain co-processors based on artificial neural networks, deep learning and reinforcement learning. These "neural co-processors" allow joint optimization of cost functions with the nervous system to achieve desired behaviors. By coupling artificial neural networks with their biological counterparts, neural co-processors offer a new way of restoring and augmenting the brain, as well as a new scientific tool for brain research. We conclude by discussing the potential applications and ethical implications of brain co-processors.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0403504101
发表时间：
2004-12-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Wolpaw, JR;McFarland, DJ
通讯作者：
McFarland, DJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
Tomlinson T;Miller LE
通讯作者：
Miller LE
影响因子：
6
作者：
Bosking WH;Beauchamp MS;Yoshor D
通讯作者：
Yoshor D