Cachexia as a major underestimated and unmet medical need: facts and numbers.
Cachexia as a major underestimated and unmet medical need: facts and numbers.
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卡希克西亚是主要被低估和未满足的医疗需求：事实和数字。
DOI：
10.1007/s13539-010-0002-6
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发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Anker, Stefan D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Haehling, Stephan;Anker, Stefan D.
恶病质是由恶性肿瘤、慢性心力衰竭(CHF)、慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、囊性纤维化、类风湿性关节炎、阿尔茨海默病、传染病和许多其他慢性疾病造成的一种严重的、然而被低估和低估的医学后果。恶病质的患病率很高，在CHF或COPD患者中从5%到15%，在晚期癌症中从60%到80%不等。根据人群患病率，最常见的恶病质亚型依次为：慢性阻塞性肺疾病恶病质、心源性恶病质(在CHF中)、癌症恶病质和慢性肾脏病恶病质。在工业化国家(北美、欧洲、日本)，恶病质(由任何疾病引起)的总患病率正在上升，目前约为1%，即约900万患者。恶病质的相对患病率在亚洲相对较低，但在那里也是一个日益严重的问题。就绝对值而言，恶病质在亚洲(由于人口较多)与西方世界一样不是问题。恶病质在南美和非洲也是一个很大的医学问题，但数据稀缺。最近的一份共识声明提出，如果在过去3-12个月内体重下降超过5%，并伴有恶病质的特征症状(如疲劳)、骨骼肌丧失和生化异常(如贫血或炎症)，就可以诊断慢性病中的恶病质。使用合成代谢、抗分解代谢疗法、食欲刺激剂和营养干预的治疗方法正在开发中。需要对恶病质的发展和进展的病理生理学有更透彻的了解，这可能会导致联合疗法的开发。这些努力是非常需要的，因为恶病质的存在总是与高死亡率、不良症状状态和令人沮丧的生活质量有关。据认为，在癌症中，30%以上的患者死于恶病质，50%以上的癌症患者死于恶病质。在其他慢性疾病中，人们可以估计高达30%的患者死亡时存在某种程度的恶病质。恶病质患者的死亡率从每年10%到15%(COPD)，到每年20%到30%(CHF，CKD)到80%的癌症。
Cachexia is a serious, however underestimated and underrecognised medical consequence of malignant cancer, chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, infectious diseases, and many other chronic illnesses. The prevalence of cachexia is high, ranging from 5% to 15% in CHF or COPD to 60% to 80% in advanced cancer. By population prevalence, the most frequent cachexia subtypes are in order: COPD cachexia, cardiac cachexia (in CHF), cancer cachexia, and CKD cachexia. In industrialized countries (North America, Europe, Japan), the overall prevalence of cachexia (due to any disease) is growing and currently about 1%, i.e., about nine million patients. The relative prevalence of cachexia is somewhat less in Asia, but is a growing problem there as well. In absolute terms, cachexia is, in Asia (due to the larger population), as least as big a problem as in the Western world. Cachexia is also a big medical problem in South America and Africa, but data are scarce. A consensus statement recently proposed to diagnose cachexia in chronic diseases when there is weight loss exceeding 5% within the previous 3–12 months combined with symptoms characteristic for cachexia (e.g., fatigue), loss of skeletal muscle and biochemical abnormalities (e.g., anemia or inflammation). Treatment approaches using anabolics, anti-catabolic therapies, appetite stimulants, and nutritional interventions are under development. A more thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of cachexia development and progression is needed that likely will lead to combination therapies being developed. These efforts are greatly needed as presence of cachexia is always associated with high-mortality and poor-symptom status and dismal quality of life. It is thought that in cancer, more than 30% of patients die due to cachexia and more than 50% of patients with cancer die with cachexia being present. In other chronic illnesses, one can estimate that up to 30% of patients die with some degree of cachexia being present. Mortality rates of patients with cachexia range from 10% to 15% per year (COPD), to 20% to 30% per year (CHF, CKD) to 80% in cancer.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Koehler, Friedrich;Doehner, Wolfram;John, Matthias
通讯作者：
John, Matthias
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Bachmann, Jeannine;Heiligensetzer, Mathias;Martignoni, Marc E.
通讯作者：
Martignoni, Marc E.
DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm/147.5.1151
发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
影响因子：
--
作者：
SCHOLS, AMWJ;SOETERS, PB;WOUTERS, EFM
通讯作者：
WOUTERS, EFM
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Wallace, JI;Schwartz, RS
通讯作者：
Schwartz, RS
DOI：
10.1097/mco.0b013e328300ecc1
发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Tan, Benjamin H. L.;Fearon, Kenneth C. H.
通讯作者：
Fearon, Kenneth C. H.