COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view.
COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
16.1
通讯作者：
Kwon YJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chung JY;Thone MN;Kwon YJ
由于严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）的高流行率和长潜伏期（通常没有症状），全球已感染数百万人，导致2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。即使抗病毒药物瑞德西韦（remdesivir）最近获得批准，以及抗S蛋白单克隆抗体、bamlanivimab和casiriumab/imdevimab的紧急使用授权，仍然迫切需要有效和安全的COVID-19疫苗，不仅要防止其传播，还要通过产生大规模免疫来恢复社会和经济活动。最近辉瑞和BioNTech的mRNA疫苗的紧急使用授权可能提供了一条前进的道路，但仍然需要监测长期免疫力，并且各种候选疫苗仍在开发中。随着对SARS-CoV-2发病机制和与免疫系统相互作用的认识不断发展，各种候选药物正在研究和临床试验中。针对COVID-19的潜在疫苗和治疗药物包括重新利用的药物、单克隆抗体、抗病毒和抗原蛋白、肽和基因工程病毒。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2的病毒学和免疫学，COVID-19疫苗接种的替代疗法，COVID-19疫苗开发的原则和设计考虑因素，以及疫苗载体在解决该疾病所带来的独特免疫病理学挑战方面的承诺和作用。
Due to the high prevalence and long incubation periods often without symptoms, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of individuals globally, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even with the recent approval of the anti-viral drug, remdesivir, and Emergency Use Authorization of monoclonal antibodies against S protein, bamlanivimab and casirimab/imdevimab, efficient and safe COVID-19 vaccines are still desperately demanded not only to prevent its spread but also to restore social and economic activities via generating mass immunization. Recent Emergency Use Authorization of Pfizer and BioNTech’s mRNA vaccine may provide a pathway forward, but monitoring of long-term immunity is still required, and diverse candidates are still under development. As the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and interactions with the immune system continues to evolve, a variety of drug candidates are under investigation and in clinical trials. Potential vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19 include repurposed drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antiviral and antigenic proteins, peptides, and genetically engineered viruses. This paper reviews the virology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2, alternative therapies for COVID-19 to vaccination, principles and design considerations in COVID-19 vaccine development, and the promises and roles of vaccine carriers in addressing the unique immunopathological challenges presented by the disease.
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