A juvenile mouse pheromone inhibits sexual behaviour through the vomeronasal system.
A juvenile mouse pheromone inhibits sexual behaviour through the vomeronasal system.
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动物表现出一系列不同的社会行为。适当的行为反应取决于在社会交往中接收到的感觉输入。老鼠的社会行为是由信息素驱动的，信息素是一种化学信号，编码与年龄、性别和生理状态有关的信息。然而，尽管老鼠对成年鼠、幼鼠和幼鼠表现出不同的社会行为，但对幼鼠进行特定识别的感官线索尚不清楚。在这里，我们描述了幼鼠在青春期前产生的一种幼年信息素，称为外分泌肽22 （ESP22）。ESP22由泪腺分泌，并释放到2至3周大的小鼠的眼泪中。一旦检测到，ESP22激活犁鼻器的高亲和感觉神经元，以及内侧杏仁核的下游边缘神经元。重组ESP22被涂在小鼠身上，对成年雄性交配行为具有强大的抑制作用，而在缺乏TRPC2的敲除小鼠中，这种抑制作用被消除，TRPC2是颏鼻器官的关键信号成分。此外，敲除TRPC2或失去ESP22的产生会导致成年雄性对幼鱼的性行为增加，而对缺乏ESP22的幼鱼的性反应会被ESP22修饰抑制。因此，我们描述了一种控制先天社会行为的性不成熟小鼠的信息素，一种通过副嗅觉系统的反应途径，以及一种在抑制对幼鼠的性行为方面的表鼻器官信号传导的新作用。这些发现为理解感觉系统如何调节行为提供了分子框架。
Animals display a repertoire of different social behaviours. Appropriate behavioural responses depend on sensory input received during social interactions. In mice, social behaviour is driven by pheromones, chemical signals that encode information related to age, sex and physiological state. However, although mice show different social behaviours towards adults, juveniles and neonates, sensory cues that enable specific recognition of juvenile mice are unknown. Here we describe a juvenile pheromone produced by young mice before puberty, termed exocrine-gland secreting peptide 22 (ESP22). ESP22 is secreted from the lacrimal gland and released into tears of 2- to 3-week-old mice. Upon detection, ESP22 activates high-affinity sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ, and downstream limbic neurons in the medial amygdala. Recombinant ESP22, painted on mice, exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on adult male mating behaviour, which is abolished in knockout mice lacking TRPC2, a key signalling component of the vomeronasal organ,. Furthermore, knockout of TRPC2 or loss of ESP22 production results in increased sexual behaviour of adult males towards juveniles, and sexual responses towards ESP22-deficient juveniles are suppressed by ESP22 painting. Thus, we describe a pheromone of sexually immature mice that controls an innate social behaviour, a response pathway through the accessory olfactory system and a new role for vomeronasal organ signalling in inhibiting sexual behaviour towards young. These findings provide a molecular framework for understanding how a sensory system can regulate behaviour.
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