Quantifying and contextualising cyclone-driven, extreme flood magnitudes in bedrock-influenced dryland rivers
Quantifying and contextualising cyclone-driven, extreme flood magnitudes in bedrock-influenced dryland rivers
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对受基岩影响的旱地河流中气旋驱动的极端洪水强度进行量化和背景分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.11.006
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Heritage G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heritage G
在世界各地的许多旱地，河流遭受偶发性的极端洪水事件和相关的沉积物剥离。这些事件可能引发以高地貌和生态多样性为特征的混合基岩冲积河道向多样性较低的基岩河道的转变。迄今为止，这些受基岩影响的旱地河流的水文和水力数据往往受到限制，但高分辨率数据采集的最新进展使得不同调查方法能够更大程度地整合，这有助于评估河流对不断变化的水文气候极端情况的响应。在这里，我们使用现场和遥感数据以及新颖的二维水动力建模方法来首次估计 2012 年 1 月南非东部克鲁格国家公园气旋驱动的洪水期间发生的峰值流量。我们估计萨比河（上游流域面积 5715 平方公里）的峰值流量在 4470–5630 m3s−1 范围内， Olifants 河为 14,407–16,772 m3s−1（上游流域面积 53,820 km2）。这些估计将这两次洪水都归为每条河流的极端类别，其中奥利芬特洪水峰值流量位居过去数百年南部非洲河流记录或估计的最大流量之列。在这两条河流上，洪水导致旱地河流形态、泥沙通量和植被群落发生显着变化。我们的建模方法可以转移到其他稀疏或未测量的河流，以及保存古洪水证据的地点。在越来越多的证据表明全球极端水文气候有所增加的背景下，更多的研究将有助于加深我们对高强度洪水事件对旱地河流发展的相对和协同影响的理解。
In many drylands worldwide, rivers are subjected to episodic, extreme flood events and associated sediment stripping. These events may trigger transformations from mixed bedrock-alluvial channels characterised by high geomorphic and ecological diversity towards more dominantly bedrock channels with lower diversity. To date, hydrological and hydraulic data has tended to be limited for these bedrock-influenced dryland rivers, but recent advances in high-resolution data capture are enabling greater integration of different investigative approaches, which is helping to inform assessment of river response to changing hydroclimatic extremes. Here, we use field and remotely sensed data along with a novel 2D hydrodynamic modelling approach to estimate, for the first time, peak discharges that occurred during cyclone-driven floods in the Kruger National Park, eastern South Africa, in January 2012. We estimate peak discharges in the range of 4470–5630 m3s−1for the Sabie River (upstream catchment area 5715 km2) and 14,407–16,772 m3s−1for the Olifants River (upstream catchment area 53,820 km2). These estimates place both floods in the extreme category for each river, with the Olifants peak discharge ranking among the largest recorded or estimated for any southern African river in the last couple of hundred years. On both rivers, the floods resulted in significant changes to dryland river morphology, sediment flux and vegetation communities. Our modelling approach may be transferable to other sparsely gauged or ungauged rivers, and to sites where palaeoflood evidence is preserved. Against a backdrop of mounting evidence for global increases in hydroclimatic extremes, additional studies will help to refine our understanding of the relative and synergistic impacts of high-magnitude flood events on dryland river development.
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发表时间：
2008
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