Cognitive and electrophysiological correlates of the bilingual stroop effect.
Cognitive and electrophysiological correlates of the bilingual stroop effect.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00081
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Wicha NY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naylor LJ;Stanley EM;Wicha NY
当书面语言和命名语言不同时，双语者的颜色词Stroop效应通常是相同语言(内部)时的一半。这种语言内部的Stroop差异(BWLS)被比作反应集效应，对相关反应的反应冲突比不相关的词更大。BWLS的性质通过双语Stroop任务进行了检验。在给定的区块中(实验1)，颜色一致和不一致的词出现在命名语言中或不出现(单一)，或随机出现在两种语言中(混合)。平衡和不平衡的双语者都存在BWLS效应，但仅部分支持反应集解释。正如预期的那样，单一语言块期间的颜色不一致试验导致语言内部的响应时间比语言之间的响应时间更慢。然而，混合语言块中的颜色一致试验导致语言间的时间比语言内的慢，这表明与反应无关的刺激干扰了加工。在实验2中，记录了平衡双语者在语言内部和语言间默默命名时的事件相关电位，以探讨BWLS效应的神经时序。重复单一语言的发现，观察到N450效应，颜色不一致的负幅度比一致的试验(刺激后350-550 ms)更大。这一效应在语言内部和语言之间是相同的，表明来自两种语言的颜色词产生了反应冲突，与严格的反应集效应相反。持续的负性(SN)伴随着颜色不一致比一致试验更大的幅度，在语言Stroop之间比在语言Stroop内更早解决。这种效应共享时间(550-700 毫秒)，但不像通常报道的持续潜力那样具有形态或头皮分布。最后，与颜色一致性无关，不同语言之间的负幅度(200-350 ms)大于语言内的负幅度。这种负性被比作不去的N2，可能反映了抑制控制的过程，有助于在SN解决冲突，而N450反映的是与反应集(或语言)无关的干扰词的并行处理。总而言之，BWLS反映了大脑活动随着时间的推移，语言和肤色冲突在不同时间点的贡献。
The color word Stroop effect in bilinguals is commonly half the magnitude when the written and naming languages are different (between) than when they are the same (within). This between-within language Stroop difference (BWLS) is likened to a response set effect, with greater response conflict for response relevant than irrelevant words. The nature of the BWLS was examined using a bilingual Stroop task. In a given block (Experiment 1), color congruent and incongruent words appeared in the naming language or not (single), or randomly in both languages (mixed). The BWLS effect was present for both balanced and unbalanced bilinguals, but only partially supported a response set explanation. As expected, color incongruent trials during single language blocks, lead to slower response times within than between languages. However, color congruent trials during mixed language blocks led to slower times between than within languages, indicating that response-irrelevant stimuli interfered with processing. In Experiment 2, to investigate the neural timing of the BWLS effect, event related potentials were recorded while balanced bilinguals named silently within and between languages. Replicating monolingual findings, an N450 effect was observed with larger negative amplitude for color incongruent than congruent trials (350–550 ms post-stimulus onset). This effect was equivalent within and between languages, indicating that color words from both languages created response conflict, contrary to a strict response set effect. A sustained negativity (SN) followed with larger amplitude for color incongruent than congruent trials, resolving earlier for between than within language Stroop. This effect shared timing (550–700 ms), but not morphology or scalp distribution with the commonly reported sustained potential. Finally, larger negative amplitude (200–350 ms) was observed between than within languages independent of color congruence. This negativity, likened to a no-go N2, may reflect processes of inhibitory control that facilitate the resolution of conflict at the SN, while the N450 reflects parallel processing of distracter words, independent of response set (or language). In sum, the BWLS reflects brain activity over time with contributions from language and color conflict at different points.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Green, David W.;Grogan, Alice;Price, Cathy J.
通讯作者：
Price, Cathy J.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Abutalebi, Jubin;Annoni, Jean-Marie;Khateb, Asaid
通讯作者：
Khateb, Asaid
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Aarts, Esther;Roelofs, Ardi;van Turennout, Miranda
通讯作者：
van Turennout, Miranda
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Bialystok, Ellen;Craik, Fergus I. M.
通讯作者：
Craik, Fergus I. M.
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(71)80057-9
发表时间：
1971-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
DYER, FN
通讯作者：
DYER, FN