Causes, characteristics, and patterns of prolonged unplanned school closures prior to the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, 2011-2019.
Causes, characteristics, and patterns of prolonged unplanned school closures prior to the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, 2011-2019.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0272088
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
除大流行外，几乎没有关于K-12学校长期计划外关闭（PUSC）的信息。我们在这里描述了2011-2019年连续8个大流行期间美国PUSC的原因、特征和模式。从2011年8月1日至2019年6月30日，每天进行系统的在线搜索，收集美国公开宣布的非计划学校关闭持续≥1个学日的数据。当学校在计划外关闭超过5天（大约一个完整工作周），不包括周末和学校日历规定的休息日时，停课时间被归类为延长。在8个学年中，共确定了22112个PUSCs，影响了80多万名教师和1300万名学生，导致9150万学生日损失。在受pusc影响的学校中，有62.9%的学生有资格获得校餐补贴。受影响最严重的学校位于城市（35%）和郊区（33%）。自然灾害（47%）、恶劣天气条件（35%）和预算/教师罢工（15%）是PUSC最常见的原因；疾病占1%，建筑/设施问题、环境问题和暴力合计占剩下的2%。PUSCs的最高数量发生在卫生和人类服务部2、3、4和6区，这些地区经常处于飓风和热带风暴的路径上。这些地区的大部分PUSCs是由秋季的几次飓风造成的，包括飓风桑迪、厄玛、哈维、佛罗伦萨和马修。由于各种原因，PUSCs在美国每年都会发生，并且与学生在校学习时间的大量损失有关。以往与PUSCs合作的经验以及当前2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的经验都表明，需要为全国，特别是灾害易发地区的高质量远程学习和创新补充喂养计划制定可持续的解决方案。
Outside of pandemics, there is little information about occurrence of prolonged unplanned K-12 school closures (PUSC). We describe here the reasons, characteristics, and patterns of PUSC in the United States during 8 consecutive inter-pandemic academic years, 2011–2019. From August 1, 2011 through June 30, 2019, daily systematic online searches were conducted to collect data on publicly announced unplanned school closures lasting ≥1 school days in the United States. Closures were categorized as prolonged when schools were closed for ≥5 unplanned days (approximating one full workweek), excluding weekends and scheduled days off per school calendars. During the eight academic years, a total of 22,112 PUSCs were identified, affecting over 800,000 teachers and 13 million students that resulted in 91.5 million student-days lost. A median of 62.9% of students in PUSC-affected schools were eligible for subsidized school meals. Most affected schools were in cities (35%) and suburban areas (33%). Natural disasters (47%), adverse weather conditions (35%), and budget/teacher strikes (15%) were the most frequently cited reasons for PUSC; illness accounted for 1%, and building/facility issues, environmental issues and violence together accounted for the remaining 2%. The highest number of PUSCs occurred in Health and Human Services Regions 2, 3, 4, and 6 encompassing areas that are frequently in the path of hurricanes and tropical storms. The majority of PUSCs in these regions were attributed to a handful of hurricanes during the fall season, including hurricanes Sandy, Irma, Harvey, Florence, and Matthew. PUSCs occur annually in the United States due to a variety of causes and are associated with a substantive loss of student-days for in-school learning. Both these prior experiences with PUSCs and those during the current COVID-19 pandemic illustrate a need for creating sustainable solutions for high-quality distance learning and innovative supplemental feeding programs nationwide, especially in disaster-prone areas.
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