Non-Malleable Time-Lock Puzzles and Applications

Non-Malleable Time-Lock Puzzles and Applications
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不可延展的时间锁谜题和应用

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-90456-2_15
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
TCC'21
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Naomi Sirkin
Naomi Sirkin
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cody Freitag;Ilan Komargodski;Rafael Pass;Naomi Sirkin

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时间锁谜题是一种将信息发送到“未来”的机制,它允许发送者快速生成一个谜题,其中包含一个隐藏的信息,直到接收者花费相当长的时间来解决它。我们引入并构造了一个时间锁谜题的变体,它是不可延展的,这大致保证了不可能在不解决它的情况下将一个谜题“maul”成一个相关的消息。使用不可延展的时间锁定谜题,我们实现了以下应用:第一个公平的非交互式多方协议,用于普通模型中的硬币投掷和拍卖,无需设置。作为证明协议安全性的关键一步,我们引入了功能不可延展性的概念,其防止影响相关消息的特定功能的篡改攻击。为了支持无限数量的参与者在我们的协议中,我们的时间锁难题满足功能的非延展性在完全并发设置。我们还表明,标准的(非功能性的)不可延展性是不可能实现的并发设置(即使在随机预言机模型)。
Time-lock puzzles are a mechanism for sending messages “to the future”, by allowing a sender to quickly generate a puzzle with an underlying message that remains hidden until a receiver spends a moderately large amount of time solving it. We introduce and construct a variant of a time-lock puzzle which isnon-malleable, which roughly guarantees that it is impossible to “maul” a puzzle into one for a related message without solving it.Using non-malleable time-lock puzzles, we achieve the following applications:The first fair non-interactive multi-party protocols for coin flipping and auctions in the plain model without setup.Practically efficient fair multi-party protocols for coin flipping and auctions proven secure in the (auxiliary-input) random oracle model.As a key step towards proving the security of our protocols, we introduce the notion of functional non-malleability, which protects against tampering attacks that affect a specific function of the related messages. To support an unbounded number of participants in our protocols, our time-lock puzzles satisfy functional non-malleability in the fully concurrent setting. We additionally show that standard (non-functional) non-malleability is impossible to achieve in the concurrent setting (even in the random oracle model).
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