Separation from the dam causes negative judgement bias in dairy calves.
Separation from the dam causes negative judgement bias in dairy calves.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0098429
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Weary DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daros RR;Costa JH;von Keyserlingk MA;Hötzel MJ;Weary DM
人类的消极情绪状态与判断任务中对模糊线索的消极（悲观）反应偏差有关。每个哺乳动物幼崽最终都会断奶；这段时间营养和社会独立性的增加与明显的行为反应有关，特别是当断奶突然时，这通常发生在农场动物身上。本研究的目的是测试与奶牛分离对奶牛在判断任务中的反应的影响。13头荷斯坦小牛和它们的水坝一起饲养，并训练它们区分电脑显示器上显示的红色和白色。这些颜色预测了去/不去任务的奖励或惩罚结果。当小牛靠近白色屏幕时，就会得到奖励，而当它们靠近红色屏幕时，就会受到暂停的惩罚。然后用非强化的模糊探针（屏幕颜色介于两种训练颜色之间）对小牛进行测试。分离前对这些探针的“氧化石墨烯”反应平均（±SE）为72±3.6%，但与大坝分离后下降到62±3.6%。这种偏向与在热铁脱角后数小时内小腿疼痛的表现相似。这些结果提供了动物在母亲分离后悲观判断偏差的第一个证据，并表明情绪低落。
Negative emotional states in humans are associated with a negative (pessimistic) response bias towards ambiguous cues in judgement tasks. Every mammalian young is eventually weaned; this period of increasing nutritional and social independence from the dam is associated with a pronounced behavioural response, especially when weaning is abrupt as commonly occurs in farm animals. The aim of the current study was to test the effect of separation from the cow on the responses of dairy calves in a judgement task. Thirteen Holstein calves were reared with their dams and trained to discriminate between red and white colours displayed on a computer monitor. These colours predicted reward or punishment outcomes using a go/no-go task. A reward was provided when calves approached the white screen and calves were punished with a timeout when they approached the red screen. Calves were then tested with non-reinforced ambiguous probes (screen colours intermediate to the two training colours). “GO” responses to these probes averaged (± SE) 72±3.6 % before separation but declined to 62±3.6 % after separation from the dam. This bias was similar to that shown by calves experiencing pain in the hours after hot-iron dehorning. These results provide the first evidence of a pessimistic judgement bias in animals following maternal separation and are indicative of low mood.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Enriquez, D. H.;Ungerfeld, R.;Hotzel, M. J.
通讯作者：
Hotzel, M. J.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
von Keyserlingk, Marina A. G.;Weary, Daniel M.
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Weary, Daniel M.
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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2.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Pomies, Dominique