Experience-based mitigation of age-related performance declines: evidence from air traffic control.
Experience-based mitigation of age-related performance declines: evidence from air traffic control.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0014947
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kramer, Arthur F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nunes, Ashley;Kramer, Arthur F.
先前的研究发现，与年龄相关的缺陷存在于多种认知过程中。然而，一些研究表明，在个人拥有丰富经验的任务上，年龄与节约有关，通常需要几十年的时间。在这里，作者调查了在快节奏要求高的职业空中交通管制（ATC）中几十年的经验是否会使老的管制员表现出高水平的熟练程度。作者还调查了年龄较大的控制者在领域相关认知能力上是否会表现出与年龄相关的衰退。年轻、年老的控制者和非控制者都执行了一系列认知和ATC任务。结果表明，虽然高水平的经验可以减少与年龄相关的复杂任务表现的组成过程的下降幅度，但这种节省的范围是有限的。然而，更重要的是，作者在模拟的ATC任务中观察到基于经验的节约，在更复杂的空中交通管制任务中，节约最为明显。这些结果表明，如果有丰富的经验，老年人可能相当有能力在快节奏、高要求的现实世界任务中表现得非常熟练。这些发现对全球熟练劳动力短缺的影响进行了讨论。
Previous research has found age-related deficits in a variety of cognitive processes. However, some studies have demonstrated age-related sparing on tasks where individuals have substantial experience, often attained over many decades. Here, the authors examined whether decades of experience in a fast-paced demanding profession, air traffic control (ATC), would enable older controllers to perform at high levels of proficiency. The authors also investigated whether older controllers would show diminished age-related decrements on domain-relevant cognitive abilities. Both young and old controllers and noncontrollers performed a battery of cognitive and ATC tasks. Results indicate that although high levels of experience can reduce the magnitude of age-related decline on the component processes that underlie complex task performance, this sparing is limited in scope. More important, however, the authors observed experience-based sparing on simulated ATC tasks, with the sparing being most evident on the more complex air traffic control tasks. These results suggest that given substantial experience, older adults may be quite capable of performing at high levels of proficiency on fast-paced demanding real-world tasks. The implications of these findings for global skilled labor shortages are discussed.
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DOI：
10.1037/1076-898x.14.1.73
发表时间：
2008-03
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Applied
影响因子：
--
作者：
Forster S;Lavie N
通讯作者：
Lavie N
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Kramer, AF;Hahn, S;Gopher, D
通讯作者：
Gopher, D
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hoyer, WJ;Ingolfsdottir, D
通讯作者：
Ingolfsdottir, D
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x
发表时间：
1972-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
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作者：
CRAIK, FIM;LOCKHART, RS
通讯作者：
LOCKHART, RS
DOI：
10.1207/s15327108ijap1604_2
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Broach, Dana;Schroeder, David J.
通讯作者：
Schroeder, David J.