Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization

Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization
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丰富的屏幕阅读器体验,实现可访问的数据可视化

DOI:
10.1111/cgf.14519
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Satyanarayan, Arvind
Satyanarayan, Arvind
中科院分区:
计算机科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zong, Jonathan;Lee, Crystal;Lundgard, Alan;Jang, JiWoong;Hajas, Daniel;Satyanarayan, Arvind

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当前的Web可访问性指南要求可视化设计师通过基本的非视觉替代方案(如文本描述和访问原始数据表)支持屏幕阅读器。但图表不仅仅是汇总数据或复制表格;它们提供了不同粒度级别的交互式数据探索-从细粒度的逐数据阅读到略读和呈现高级趋势。为了应对缺乏可比的非视觉启示,我们提出了一套丰富的屏幕阅读器体验,以实现可访问的数据可视化和探索。通过一个迭代的协同设计过程,我们确定了三个关键的设计维度,以表达屏幕阅读器的可访问性:结构,或如何组织图表实体,以供屏幕阅读器遍历;导航,或结构,空间和有针对性的操作,用户可能会执行一步通过结构;和,描述,或语义内容,组成,和屏幕阅读器的叙述冗长。我们将这些维度操作化为屏幕阅读器可访问的可视化原型,涵盖各种图表类型和我们设计维度的组合。我们在一项混合方法研究中评估了这些原型的一个子集,其中有13名盲人和视力受损的读者。我们的研究结果表明,这些设计可以帮助用户概念化数据空间,有选择地参加在不同级别的粒度感兴趣的数据,并在他们的数据分析过程中的经验控制和代理。这篇论文的HTML版本可以在www.example.com上找到。
Current web accessibility guidelines ask visualization designers to support screen readers via basic non‐visual alternatives like textual descriptions and access to raw data tables. But charts do more than summarize data or reproduce tables; they afford interactive data exploration at varying levels of granularity—from fine‐grained datum‐by‐datum reading to skimming and surfacing high‐level trends. In response to the lack of comparable non‐visual affordances, we present a set of rich screen reader experiences for accessible data visualization and exploration. Through an iterative co‐design process, we identify three key design dimensions for expressive screen reader accessibility:structure, or how chart entities should be organized for a screen reader to traverse;navigation, or the structural, spatial, and targeted operations a user might perform to step through the structure; and,description, or the semantic content, composition, and verbosity of the screen reader's narration. We operationalize these dimensions to prototype screen‐reader‐accessible visualizations that cover a diverse range of chart types and combinations of our design dimensions. We evaluate a subset of these prototypes in a mixed‐methods study with 13 blind and visually impaired readers. Our findings demonstrate that these designs help users conceptualize data spatially, selectively attend to data of interest at different levels of granularity, and experience control and agency over their data analysis process. An accessible HTML version of this paper is available at: http://vis.csail.mit.edu/pubs/rich-screen-reader-vis-experiences.
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