Tick salivary compounds: their role in modulation of host defences and pathogen transmission.
Tick salivary compounds: their role in modulation of host defences and pathogen transmission.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2013.00043
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Štibrániová I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazimírová M;Štibrániová I
扁虱需要血粉才能完成发育和繁殖。多功能的硬蜱唾液腺在硬蜱的摄食和病原体的传播中起着关键作用。注入宿主体内的扁虱唾液分子调节宿主的防御反应，从而有利于摄食扁虱。若要寄生在硬体器官上，硬体携带的微生物必须克服几个障碍，即硬体肠膜、硬体免疫和蜕皮。壁虱传播的病原体与其媒介和寄主共同进化，并发展分子适应以避免壁虱和寄主防御的不利影响。目前，对壁虱传播微生物的生存策略和壁虱-宿主-病原体相互作用的分子机制的认识存在很大差距。在传播给宿主之前，微生物会穿透并在扁虱的唾液腺中繁殖。扁虱一旦附着在宿主上，唾液分子的基因表达和产生就会上调，主要是为了方便摄食和避免宿主对扁虱的排斥。病原体利用扁虱唾液分子在媒介中生存和繁殖，并在宿主中传播和建立。硬蜱唾液中的生物活性分子促进病原体传播被描述为唾液辅助传播(SAT)。SAT候选化合物包括具有抗止血、抗炎和免疫调节功能的化合物，但它们介导病原体传播的分子机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。到目前为止，只有少数与特定病原体传播相关的扁虱唾液分子被鉴定出来，它们的功能也被部分阐明。先进的分子技术被应用于研究扁虱-宿主-病原体的相互作用，并提供病原体获取、建立和传播过程中载体和病原体基因表达的信息。了解壁虱-宿主-病原体界面上的分子事件可能会导致开发新的策略来控制壁虱传播的疾病。
Ticks require blood meal to complete development and reproduction. Multifunctional tick salivary glands play a pivotal role in tick feeding and transmission of pathogens. Tick salivary molecules injected into the host modulate host defence responses to the benefit of the feeding ticks. To colonize tick organs, tick-borne microorganisms must overcome several barriers, i.e., tick gut membrane, tick immunity, and moulting. Tick-borne pathogens co-evolved with their vectors and hosts and developed molecular adaptations to avoid adverse effects of tick and host defences. Large gaps exist in the knowledge of survival strategies of tick-borne microorganisms and on the molecular mechanisms of tick-host-pathogen interactions. Prior to transmission to a host, the microorganisms penetrate and multiply in tick salivary glands. As soon as the tick is attached to a host, gene expression and production of salivary molecules is upregulated, primarily to facilitate feeding and avoid tick rejection by the host. Pathogens exploit tick salivary molecules for their survival and multiplication in the vector and transmission to and establishment in the hosts. Promotion of pathogen transmission by bioactive molecules in tick saliva was described as saliva-assisted transmission (SAT). SAT candidates comprise compounds with anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions, but the molecular mechanisms by which they mediate pathogen transmission are largely unknown. To date only a few tick salivary molecules associated with specific pathogen transmission have been identified and their functions partially elucidated. Advanced molecular techniques are applied in studying tick-host-pathogen interactions and provide information on expression of vector and pathogen genes during pathogen acquisition, establishment and transmission. Understanding the molecular events on the tick-host-pathogen interface may lead to development of new strategies to control tick-borne diseases.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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