Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight
Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight
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天蛾的血淋巴粘度及其对悬停飞行的影响
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2022.2185
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kornev, Konstantin G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brasovs, Artis;Palaoro, Alexandre V.;Aprelev, Pavel;Beard, Charles E.;Adler, Peter H.;Kornev, Konstantin G.
粘度决定血淋巴流过昆虫身体的阻力。对于飞行昆虫，粘度是限制飞行性能的主要生理参数，通过控制燃料到飞行肌肉的流速，循环营养物质和快速去除代谢废物。血淋巴越粘稠，通过密闭空间所需的代谢能量就越大。通过采用磁旋转光谱与镍纳米棒，我们发现，在休息天蛾（天蛾科）的血淋巴的粘度取决于翅膀的大小非单调。高wingbeat频率的小天蛾的粘度增加，达到最大值的中等大小的天蛾与温和的wingbeat频率，并降低在大天蛾较慢的wingbeat频率，但更大的电梯。因此，具有小型和大型翅膀的天蛾具有接近水的粘度，而具有中型翅膀的天蛾具有两倍以上的粘度。飞行的代谢需求通过调节血淋巴粘度与循环策略的显著变化相关。因此，悬停飞行的发展将需要微调粘度调节，以平衡血淋巴携带更多燃料到飞行肌肉的需求，同时减少与其循环相关的粘性耗散。
Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation.
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