Novel classes of non-coding RNAs and cancer.
Novel classes of non-coding RNAs and cancer.
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DOI：
10.1186/1479-5876-10-103
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发表时间：
2012-05-21
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Slaby O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sana J;Faltejskova P;Svoboda M;Slaby O
多年来，分子生物学的中心教条一直认为RNA的功能主要是作为DNA序列与其编码蛋白质之间的信息中介。但现代生物学最大的惊喜之一是蛋白质编码基因在整个基因组序列中只占不到2%的发现，以及随后至少90%的人类基因组是活跃转录的事实。因此，人类转录组被发现比蛋白质编码基因及其剪接变异体的集合更复杂。尽管最初被认为是虚假的转录噪声或由基因早期组装和/或移动遗传元件插入引起的积累的进化碎片，但最近的证据表明，非编码rna （ncRNAs）可能在细胞发育、生理和病理中发挥重要的生物学作用。ncrna可根据转录物大小分为两大类；小ncrna和长ncrna。这些类中的每一个都可以进一步划分，而新的子类仍在被发现和表征。虽然，在过去的几年里，被称为microrna的小的ncrna被研究的频率最高，在PubMed数据库中有超过一万次的点击，但最近，证据已经开始积累，描述了广泛的新RNA物种的功能的分子机制，提供了对它们在细胞生物学和人类疾病中的功能角色的见解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了新发现的ncrna类别，并强调了它们在癌症生物学中的功能以及作为生物标志物或治疗靶点的潜在用途。
For the many years, the central dogma of molecular biology has been that RNA functions mainly as an informational intermediate between a DNA sequence and its encoded protein. But one of the great surprises of modern biology was the discovery that protein-coding genes represent less than 2% of the total genome sequence, and subsequently the fact that at least 90% of the human genome is actively transcribed. Thus, the human transcriptome was found to be more complex than a collection of protein-coding genes and their splice variants. Although initially argued to be spurious transcriptional noise or accumulated evolutionary debris arising from the early assembly of genes and/or the insertion of mobile genetic elements, recent evidence suggests that the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play major biological roles in cellular development, physiology and pathologies. NcRNAs could be grouped into two major classes based on the transcript size; small ncRNAs and long ncRNAs. Each of these classes can be further divided, whereas novel subclasses are still being discovered and characterized. Although, in the last years, small ncRNAs called microRNAs were studied most frequently with more than ten thousand hits at PubMed database, recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing the molecular mechanisms by which a wide range of novel RNA species function, providing insight into their functional roles in cellular biology and in human disease. In this review, we summarize newly discovered classes of ncRNAs, and highlight their functioning in cancer biology and potential usage as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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影响因子：
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