Mortality and fertility rates in humans and chimpanzees: How within-species variation complicates cross-species comparisons.
Mortality and fertility rates in humans and chimpanzees: How within-species variation complicates cross-species comparisons.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.20890
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发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robson SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hawkes K;Smith KR;Robson SL
祖母假说可以解释为什么人类进化出更长的寿命，同时继续在与其他类人猿大约相同的年龄终止雌性生育能力。考虑到祖母假说，我们试图比较人类和黑猩猩（我们现存的近亲）之间的特定年龄死亡率和生育率，并发现了两个谜题。首先，我们预计人类成人死亡率较低与衰老速度较慢有关，但黑猩猩的人口老龄化速度在人类范围内。其次，我们预计这两个物种的年龄别生育率下降情况相似，但在某些黑猩猩种群中，生育率不会像女性那样在三十多岁时下降，而是在四十多岁时仍保持在较高水平。我们使用来自九个人类群体以及野生和圈养黑猩猩的数据报告了这些谜题，并表明幸存成年黑猩猩异质性的系统差异可以解释这些谜题。
A grandmother hypothesis may explain why humans evolved greater longevity while continuing to end female fertility at about the same age as do the other great apes. With that grandmother hypothesis in mind, we sought to compare age-specific mortality and fertility rates between humans and chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, and found two puzzles. First, we expected that lower adult mortality in humans would be associated with slower senescence, but the rate of chimpanzee demographic aging falls within the human range. Second, we expected declines in age-specific fertility to be similar in the two species but instead of falling in the thirties as it does in women, fertility remains high into the forties in some chimpanzee populations. We report these puzzles using data from nine human populations and both wild and captive chimpanzees, and suggest that systematic differences in the heterogeneity of surviving adults may explain them.
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