Lattice Problems beyond Polynomial Time
Lattice Problems beyond Polynomial Time
复制标题
超越多项式时间的格子问题
DOI:
10.1145/3564246.3585227
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vaikuntanathan, Vinod
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aggarwal, Divesh;Bennett, Huck;Brakerski, Zvika;Golovnev, Alexander;Kumar, Rajendra;Li, Zeyong;Peters, Spencer;Stephens-Davidowitz, Noah;Vaikuntanathan, Vinod
We study the complexity of lattice problems in a world where algorithms, reductions, and protocols can run in superpolynomial time. Specifically, we revisit four foundational results in this context—two protocols and two worst-case to average-case reductions. We show how to improve the approximation factor in each result by a factor of roughly √n/lognwhen running the protocol or reduction in 2єntime instead of polynomial time, and we show a novel protocol with no polynomial-time analog. Our results are as follows.(1) We show a worst-case to average-case reduction proving that secret-key cryptography (specifically, collision-resistant hash functions) exists if the (decision version of the) Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) cannot be approximated to within a factor of Õ(√n) in 2єntime. This extends to our setting Ajtai’s celebrated polynomial-time reduction for the Short Integer Solutions (SIS) problem (1996),which showed (after improvements by Micciancio and Regev (2004, 2007)) that secret-key cryptography exists if SVP cannot be approximated to within a factor of Õ(n) in polynomial time.(2) We show another worst-case to average-case reduction proving thatpublic-keycryptography exists if SVP cannot be approximated to within a factor of Õ(n) in 2єntime. This extends Regev’s celebrated polynomial-time reduction for the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem (2005, 2009), which achieved an approximation factor of Õ(n1.5). In fact, Regev’s reduction is quantum, but we prove our result under a classical reduction, generalizing Peikert’s polynomial-time classical reduction (2009), which achieved an approximation factor of Õ(n2).(3) We show that the (decision version of the) Closest Vector Problem (CVP) with a constant approximation factor has acoAMprotocol with a 2єn-time verifier. We prove this via a (very simple) generalization of the celebrated polynomial-time protocol due to Goldreich and Goldwasser (1998, 2000). It follows that the recent series of 2єn-time and even 2(1−є)n-time hardness results for CVP cannot be extended to large constant approximation factors γ unless AMETH is false. We also rule out 2(1−є)n-time lower bounds for any constant approximation factor γ > √2, under plausible complexity-theoretic assumptions. (These results also extend to arbitrary norms, with different constants.)(4) We show thatO(√logn)-approximate SVP has acoNTIMEprotocol with a 2єn-time verifier. Here, the analogous (also celebrated!) polynomial-time result is due to Aharonov and Regev (2005), who showed a polynomial-time protocol achieving an approximation factor of √n(forbothSVP and CVP, while we only achieve this result for CVP). This result implies similar barriers to hardness, with a larger approximation factor under a weaker complexity-theoretic conjectures (as does the next result).(5) Finally, we give a novelcoMAprotocol for constant-factor-approximate CVP with a 2єn-time verifier. Unlike our other results, this protocol has no known analog in the polynomial-time regime.All of the results described above are special cases of more general theorems that achieve time-approximation factor tradeoffs. In particular, the tradeoffs for the first four results smoothly interpolate from the polynomial-time results in prior work to our new results in the exponential-time world.
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影响因子:
0.5
作者:
Divesh Aggarwal;E. Chung
通讯作者:
E. Chung
影响因子:
1.1
作者:
Akmal, Shyan;Chen, Lijie;Jin, Ce;Raj, Malvika;Williams, Ryan
通讯作者:
Williams, Ryan
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2019
期刊:
International Congress of Mathematicans
影响因子:
--
作者:
V. V. Williams
通讯作者:
V. V. Williams
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Symposium on the Theory of Computing
影响因子:
--
作者:
Divesh Aggarwal;Noah Stephens
通讯作者:
Noah Stephens
DOI:
10.1006/jcss.1999.1686
发表时间:
2000-06
期刊:
J. Comput. Syst. Sci.
影响因子:
--
作者:
Oded Goldreich;S. Goldwasser
通讯作者:
Oded Goldreich;S. Goldwasser