Instream sensor results suggest soil–plant processes produce three distinct seasonal patterns of nitrate concentrations in the Ohio River Basin
Instream sensor results suggest soil–plant processes produce three distinct seasonal patterns of nitrate concentrations in the Ohio River Basin
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河内传感器结果表明，土壤植物过程在俄亥俄河流域产生了三种不同的硝酸盐浓度季节性模式
DOI：
10.1111/1752-1688.13107
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pollock, Erik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerlitz, Morgan;Fox, Jimmy;Ford, William;Husic, Admin;Mahoney, Tyler;Armstead, Mindy;Hendricks, Susan;Crain, Angela;Backus, Jason;Pollock, Erik
俄亥俄州河流域（ORB）负责35%的总硝酸盐负荷到墨西哥湾，但对硝酸盐的时间控制需要调查。我们使用了一套位于ORB 13个站点的潜水紫外线硝酸盐分析仪来检查硝酸盐负荷和季节性。在俄亥俄州河的主干中，观测到的硝酸盐浓度范围为0.3至2.8 mg L− 1 N。俄亥俄州河从上游流域到与密西西比河交汇处的年硝酸盐负荷增加了五倍以上（74-415千兆克年-1）。硝酸盐负荷的增加对应于更大的流域面积，平均年硝酸盐浓度增加50%，并在整个流域面积的土地覆盖从5%的农田在上游流域的19%的农田在俄亥俄州河与密西西比河的交界处。硝酸盐浓度和硝酸盐负荷的时间序列分解显示，85%的亚流域年组合的峰值集中在1月和6月，硝酸盐的低谷在夏季和秋季。陆地系统的季节性模式，包括冬季休眠，春季种植，夏季和秋季生长-收获季节，建议控制硝酸盐的时间在俄亥俄州河，而不是控制河流排放和内部循环。从12月到3月的休眠季节携带了ORB硝酸盐负荷的51%，无论土地覆盖如何，所有分析的子流域的硝酸盐输送量都很高。这个季节的特点是土壤硝酸盐淋溶可能来自土壤有机质的矿化和遗留氮的释放。由于ORB南部的成熟岩溶地质和西北部的排水，硝酸盐经历了快速的传输到河流中。从4月到6月的种植季节携带了ORB 26%的硝酸盐，这是从高地玉米和大豆农业向溪流输送肥料的时期。从7月到11月的收获季节携带22%的ORB的硝酸盐，是硝酸盐保留在景观上的时间。我们讨论养分管理的ORB，包括肥料效率，覆盖作物，硝酸盐保留使用构造措施。
The Ohio River Basin (ORB) is responsible for 35% of total nitrate loading to the Gulf of Mexico yet controls on nitrate timing require investigation. We used a set of submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzers located at 13 stations across the ORB to examine nitrate loading and seasonality. Observed nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 2.8 mg L−1N in the Ohio River's mainstem. The Ohio River experiences a greater than fivefold increase in annual nitrate load from the upper basin to the river's junction with the Mississippi River (74–415 Gg year−1). The nitrate load increase corresponds with the greater drainage area, a 50% increase in average annual nitrate concentration, and a shift in land cover across the drainage area from 5% cropland in the upper basin to 19% cropland at the Ohio River's junction with the Mississippi River. Time‐series decomposition of nitrate concentration and nitrate load showed peaks centered in January and June for 85% of subbasin‐year combinations and nitrate lows in summer and fall. Seasonal patterns of the terrestrial system, including winter dormancy, spring planting, and summer and fall growing‐harvest seasons, are suggested to control nitrate timing in the Ohio River as opposed to controls by river discharge and internal cycling. The dormant season from December to March carries 51% of the ORB's nitrate load, and nitrate delivery is high across all subbasins analyzed, regardless of land cover. This season is characterized by soil nitrate leaching likely from mineralization of soil organic matter and release of legacy nitrogen. Nitrate experiences fast transit to the river owing to the ORB's mature karst geology in the south and tile drainage in the northwest. The planting season from April to June carries 26% of the ORB's nitrate and is a period of fertilizer delivery from upland corn and soybean agriculture to streams. The harvest season from July to November carries 22% of the ORB's nitrate and is a time of nitrate retention on the landscape. We discuss nutrient management in the ORB including fertilizer efficiency, cover crops, and nitrate retention using constructed measures.
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DOI：
--
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