Cigarette smoking and brain regulation of energy homeostasis.
Cigarette smoking and brain regulation of energy homeostasis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphar.2012.00147
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Bertrand PP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen H;Saad S;Sandow SL;Bertrand PP
吸烟是一种成瘾行为，是心血管和肺部疾病以及癌症（以及其他疾病）的主要原因。香烟烟雾含有数千种可能影响热量摄入和能量消耗的成分，尽管尼古丁是主要的成瘾物质，并且具有最好的描述作用。香烟烟雾中的尼古丁暴露可以改变大脑进食调节，通过能量稳态和奖励机制降低食欲，导致负能量状态，其特征是能量摄入减少和能量消耗增加，与低体重有关。这些发现使公众认为吸烟与减肥有关。然而，其在减少腹部脂肪量（葡萄糖耐受不良和胰岛素抵抗的诱发因素）方面的作用是微不足道的，并且其在动物研究中促进瘦体重减轻表明其在肥胖症治疗中的潜力有限。怀孕期间吸烟会对母亲的代谢系统造成压力，是导致不良妊娠结局的重要因素。吸烟是未来呼吸功能障碍、社会行为问题、心血管疾病、肥胖和2型糖尿病风险的预测因子。通常在暴露于宫内烟雾的儿童中观察到追赶性生长，这与随后的儿童肥胖有关。尼古丁可以通过其快速和完全通过胎盘的能力对发育中的胎儿大脑产生深远的影响。在动物研究中，这与食欲调节因子的异常下丘脑基因表达有关，例如下丘脑弓状核中NPY和POMC的下调。母亲吸烟或尼古丁替代品会导致不健康的饮食习惯（如垃圾食品成瘾）和后代的其他行为障碍。
Cigarette smoking is an addictive behavior, and is the primary cause of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, and cancer (among other diseases). Cigarette smoke contains thousands of components that may affect caloric intake and energy expenditure, although nicotine is the major addictive substance present, and has the best described actions. Nicotine exposure from cigarette smoke can change brain feeding regulation to reduce appetite via both energy homeostatic and reward mechanisms, causing a negative energy state which is characterized by reduced energy intake and increased energy expenditure that are linked to low body weight. These findings have led to the public perception that smoking is associated with weight loss. However, its effects at reducing abdominal fat mass (a predisposing factor for glucose intolerance and insulin resistance) are marginal, and its promotion of lean body mass loss in animal studies suggests a limited potential for treatment in obesity. Smoking during pregnancy puts pressure on the mother’s metabolic system and is a significant contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Smoking is a predictor of future risk for respiratory dysfunction, social behavioral problems, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Catch-up growth is normally observed in children exposed to intrauterine smoke, which has been linked to subsequent childhood obesity. Nicotine can have a profound impact on the developing fetal brain, via its ability to rapidly and fully pass the placenta. In animal studies this has been linked with abnormal hypothalamic gene expression of appetite regulators such as downregulation of NPY and POMC in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Maternal smoking or nicotine replacement leads to unhealthy eating habits (such as junk food addiction) and other behavioral disorders in the offspring.
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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