ATXN3 controls DNA replication and transcription by regulating chromatin structure.

ATXN3 controls DNA replication and transcription by regulating chromatin structure.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkad212
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发表时间:
2023-06-23
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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去泛素化酶 Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) 含有聚谷氨酰胺 (PolyQ) 区域,该区域的扩展会导致脊髓小脑共济失调 3 型 (SCA3)。 ATXN3 具有多种功能,例如调节转录或控制 DNA 损伤后的基因组稳定性。在这里,我们报告了 ATXN3 在不受干扰的条件下以催化独立的方式在染色质组织中的作用。 ATXN3 的缺乏会导致核和核仁形态异常,改变 DNA 复制时间并增加转录。此外,在不存在 ATXN3 的情况下,检测到更多开放染色质的指标,例如组蛋白 H1 的流动性增加、表观遗传标记的变化以及对微球菌核酸酶消化的更高敏感性。有趣的是,在缺乏 ATXN3 的细胞中观察到的效应与组蛋白脱乙酰酶 3 (HDAC3)(ATXN3 的相互作用伴侣)的抑制或缺乏有关。 ATXN3 的缺失会降低内源性 HDAC3 向染色质的募集,以及 HDAC3 过表达后 HDAC3 核/细胞质的比率,表明 ATXN3 控制 HDAC3 的亚细胞定位。重要的是,ATXN3 PolyQ 扩展版本的过度表达表现为无效突变体,改变 DNA 复制参数、表观遗传标记和 HDAC3 的亚细胞分布,从而为该疾病的分子基础提供了新的见解。野生型 ATXN3 通过招募 HDAC3 来控制染色质组织,从而增加异染色质并控制 DNA 复制和转录,而缺乏或 PolyQ 扩展的 ATXN3 会触发 HDAC3 的错误定位和常染色质的流行。
The deubiquitinating enzyme Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) contains a polyglutamine (PolyQ) region, the expansion of which causes spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA3). ATXN3 has multiple functions, such as regulating transcription or controlling genomic stability after DNA damage. Here we report the role of ATXN3 in chromatin organization during unperturbed conditions, in a catalytic-independent manner. The lack of ATXN3 leads to abnormalities in nuclear and nucleolar morphology, alters DNA replication timing and increases transcription. Additionally, indicators of more open chromatin, such as increased mobility of histone H1, changes in epigenetic marks and higher sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease digestion were detected in the absence of ATXN3. Interestingly, the effects observed in cells lacking ATXN3 are epistatic to the inhibition or lack of the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), an interaction partner of ATXN3. The absence of ATXN3 decreases the recruitment of endogenous HDAC3 to the chromatin, as well as the HDAC3 nuclear/cytoplasm ratio after HDAC3 overexpression, suggesting that ATXN3 controls the subcellular localization of HDAC3. Importantly, the overexpression of a PolyQ-expanded version of ATXN3 behaves as a null mutant, altering DNA replication parameters, epigenetic marks and the subcellular distribution of HDAC3, giving new insights into the molecular basis of the disease. Wild-type ATXN3 controls chromatin organization by recruiting HDAC3, thereby increasing heterochromatin and controlling DNA replication and transcription, whereas lack of or PolyQ-expanded ATXN3 triggers mislocalization of HDAC3 and euchromatin prevalence.
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