Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought.
Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2013.00442
复制
发表时间：
2013-11-05
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Dierig DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Comas LH;Becker SR;Cruz VM;Byrne PF;Dierig DA
遗传学家和育种者被定位于培育具有根特征的植物，以提高干旱条件下的生产力。然而，需要更好地了解根系功能性状以及这些性状如何与在不同干旱条件下提高作物生产力的全株策略相关。与干旱下维持植物生产力相关的根系特征包括细小的根直径、长的比根长和相当大的根长密度，特别是在土壤中有有效水的深处。在季末缺水的环境中，目标种子根中的小木质部直径可以节省土壤剖面中的深层土壤水分，供作物成熟时使用，从而提高产量。当深层水分充足时，深层根系的生长能力和较大的木质部直径也可以改善根系对水分的吸收。木质部坑的解剖结构使木质部不那么“漏水”，易于空化，因此有必要进行进一步的探索，并有望在水分有限的环境中提高植物的生产力，而不会在充足的水分条件下对产量产生负面影响。在间歇性干旱条件下，土壤复湿后迅速恢复根的生长可能会提高植物的生产力。通过育种对这些性状中的许多进行遗传控制似乎是可行的。最近的几篇综述涵盖了筛选根系性状的方法，但需要认识到根系的复杂性(例如，细根和粗根之间的功能差异)，才能成功地确定作物改良的相关性状。在植物发育的早期阶段筛选根系特征可以替代成熟阶段的特征，但需要在个案的基础上证实这些特征与干旱下作物生产力的提高有关。莱斯克雷氏菌(Physaria)和水稻(Oryza)的例子展示了根特征表型的方法和育种中对根特征遗传学的最新理解。
Geneticists and breeders are positioned to breed plants with root traits that improve productivity under drought. However, a better understanding of root functional traits and how traits are related to whole plant strategies to increase crop productivity under different drought conditions is needed. Root traits associated with maintaining plant productivity under drought include small fine root diameters, long specific root length, and considerable root length density, especially at depths in soil with available water. In environments with late season water deficits, small xylem diameters in targeted seminal roots save soil water deep in the soil profile for use during crop maturation and result in improved yields. Capacity for deep root growth and large xylem diameters in deep roots may also improve root acquisition of water when ample water at depth is available. Xylem pit anatomy that makes xylem less “leaky” and prone to cavitation warrants further exploration holding promise that such traits may improve plant productivity in water-limited environments without negatively impacting yield under adequate water conditions. Rapid resumption of root growth following soil rewetting may improve plant productivity under episodic drought. Genetic control of many of these traits through breeding appears feasible. Several recent reviews have covered methods for screening root traits but an appreciation for the complexity of root systems (e.g., functional differences between fine and coarse roots) needs to be paired with these methods to successfully identify relevant traits for crop improvement. Screening of root traits at early stages in plant development can proxy traits at mature stages but verification is needed on a case by case basis that traits are linked to increased crop productivity under drought. Examples in lesquerella (Physaria) and rice (Oryza) show approaches to phenotyping of root traits and current understanding of root trait genetics for breeding.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Chloupek, O;Forster, BP;Thomas, WTB
通讯作者：
Thomas, WTB
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Cairns, Jill E.;Crossa, Jose;Atlin, Gary N.
通讯作者：
Atlin, Gary N.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Alder, NN;Sperry, JS;Pockman, WT
通讯作者：
Pockman, WT
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Christman, Mairgareth A.;Sperry, John S.;Adler, Frederick R.
通讯作者：
Adler, Frederick R.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Bernier, Jerome;Serraj, Rachid;Atlin, Gary
通讯作者：
Atlin, Gary