Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible.

Neural Mechanisms That Make Perceptual Decisions Flexible.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-physiol-031722-024731
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发表时间:
2023-02-10
影响因子:
18.2
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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--
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知觉决策的神经机制已经在模拟具有重复刺激、固定规则和回报的稳定环境的实验环境中得到了广泛的研究。相比之下,我们生活在一个不断变化的环境中,有着不同的目标和行为需求。为了适应可变性,我们的大脑根据上下文灵活地调整决策过程。在这里,我们回顾了越来越多的研究,探讨这种灵活性背后的神经机制。我们强调了通过各种神经计算实现的决策中各种形式的上下文依赖性。在大脑结构的分布式网络中观察到上下文相关的神经活动,包括后顶叶、感觉、运动和皮质下区域,以及典型地涉及认知控制的前额叶区域。我们建议,调查分布式网络基础灵活的决策是关键,以推进我们的理解,并讨论了实验和理论研究的前进道路。
Neural mechanisms of perceptual decision making have been extensively studied in experimental settings that mimic stable environments with repeating stimuli, fixed rules and payoffs. In contrast, we live in an ever-changing environment and have varying goals and behavioral demands. To accommodate variability, our brain flexibly adjusts decision-making processes depending on context. Here, we review a growing body of research that explores the neural mechanisms underlying this flexibility. We highlight diverse forms of context dependency in decision making implemented through a variety of neural computations. Context-dependent neural activity is observed in a distributed network of brain structures, including posterior parietal, sensory, motor, and subcortical regions, as well as the prefrontal areas classically implicated in cognitive control. We propose that investigating the distributed network underlying flexible decisions is key to advancing our understanding and discuss a path forward for experimental and theoretical investigations.
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