Management of Renal Involvement in Scleroderma

Management of Renal Involvement in Scleroderma
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硬皮病肾脏受累的治疗

DOI:
10.1007/s40674-014-0004-1
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
1.2
通讯作者:
Stern E
Stern E
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stern E

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意见声明系统性硬化症的主要肾脏表现是硬皮病肾危象(SRC)。这种情况的特点是加速期高血压和急性肾损伤(AKI)。 30 多年前,血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 抑制剂的引入彻底改变了肾危象的治疗,尽管在当今时代,仍有相当一部分患者的预后不佳。识别高危患者是 SRC 管理的关键部分。特别是,硬皮病早期弥漫性皮肤受累的患者和具有抗 RNA 聚合酶 III 自身抗体的患者发生肾危象的风险显着增加。在这些患者群体中,我们建议避免使用大剂量的皮质类固醇并定期进行家庭血压监测。这些措施应减少 SRC 的发生率并确保其出现时的早期诊断。 ACE 抑制剂对预防 SRC 没有作用。 SRC 患者应住院并接受仔细的支持护理。该病是一种复杂的多系统风湿病,会出现肾脏、血液和心脏并发症,因此良好的跨学科护理是改善预后的关键目标。 SRC 的具体治疗方法仍然是 ACE 抑制剂,所有患者均应逐步调整至最高耐受剂量,并无限期地继续使用,无论肾脏是否恢复或是否建立透析。此外,还可以使用其他抗高血压药物来实现最佳血压控制。 SRC患者经过2年以上的透析即可恢复肾功能,因此早期不宜进行肾移植。
Opinion statementThe major renal manifestation of systemic sclerosis is scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). This condition is characterized by accelerated phase hypertension and acute kidney injury (AKI). The management of renal crisis was revolutionized by the introduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors more than 30 years ago, although in the current era, there is still a significant proportion of patients who have poor outcomes. Recognizing patients at high risk is a key part of the management of SRC. In particular, patients with early diffuse skin involvement from scleroderma and those who have the anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibody are at significantly increased risk for renal crisis. In these patient groups, we recommend avoidance of significant corticosteroid doses and regular home blood pressure monitoring. These measures should reduce the incidence of SRC and ensure its early diagnosis when it does appear. There is no role for ACE inhibitor prophylaxis of SRC. Patients with SRC should be hospitalized and receive careful supportive care. The condition presents with renal, hematological, and cardiac complications in the context of a complex multisystem rheumatological disease, so good inter-disciplinary care is a key goal to improve outcomes. The specific treatment for SRC remains ACE inhibitors, which should be titrated to the highest tolerated dose and continued indefinitely in all patients, regardless of renal recovery or establishment on dialysis. Other antihypertensives can be usedin additionto achieve optimal blood pressure control. Patients with SRC can recover renal function after more than 2 years on dialysis, so renal transplantation should not be undertaken during this early period.
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