Late Pleistocene hares of the Japanese archipelago: Paleobiogeographic implication at the Last Glacial Maximum

Late Pleistocene hares of the Japanese archipelago: Paleobiogeographic implication at the Last Glacial Maximum
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日本列岛更新世晚期的野兔:末次盛冰期的古生物地理意义

DOI:
10.1002/oa.2645
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Osteoarchaeology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
T. and Sasaki K.
T. and Sasaki K.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sawaura R.;Sawada J.;Sato T.;Suzuki;T. and Sasaki K.

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津格鲁海峡在生物地理学上通常被称为布莱基斯顿线。尽管这条海峡被认为在上一次冰盛期变窄了,但它并没有完全关闭,形成了一座大陆桥。然而,与降温相关的海平面下降削弱了津格鲁海峡作为动物迁徙障碍的影响。目前被接受的假设是,只有一些大型和高度移动的有蹄类动物能够通过这个海峡迁徙到本州,而不是小型哺乳动物。然而,这仍然是有问题的,因为很少有化石证实这一观点,而且还没有开发出用于牙齿微小碎片的定量鉴定方法。在这项研究中,我们确定了在晚更新世Lepussp.的样本中,可以准确地识别出哪些物种是Lepus timidus(现在分布在北海道及其以北)和Lepus brachyurus(现在主要分布在本州、四国和九州)。最近在筑路海峡南边的石井安倍洞穴中出土的化石。这是因为我们不能排除仅凭遗址位置就可以参照这些化石的可能性。因此,利用通过微型计算机断层扫描获得的下颌第三前磨牙的图像,我们报告了(A)线性测量,(B)非测量特征出现频率的调查,以及(C)使用标志性方法的主成分分析。结果表明,Lepus属的化石代表可与现存的L.dallengidus区分开来,与L.k.brachyurus极为相似。考虑到其他研究提出的这两个物种过去的异地分布以及津格鲁海峡周围的化石记录,这一结果证实了现有的假设,即只有大型和高度移动的有蹄类才能够在津格鲁海峡航行。
The Tsugaru Strait is often referred to as Blakiston's Line in biogeography. Although this strait is thought to have become narrower during the Last Glacial Maximum, it did not close completely to form a land bridge. Sea‐level drawdown associated with cooling nevertheless weakened the influence of the Tsugaru Strait as a barrier to faunal migration. The currently accepted hypothesis is that only some large and highly mobile ungulates were able to migrate to Honshu over this strait to the exclusion of small mammals. However, this remains problematic as very few fossils corroborate this idea, and quantitative identification methods for use with tiny fragments of teeth have not been developed. In this study, we determine which of the speciesLepus timidus(now distributed on Hokkaido and to the north) andLepus brachyurus(now mainly distributed on Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) can accurately be identified within a sample of Late PleistoceneLepussp. fossils recently unearthed from the Shitsukari‐Abe cave to the immediate south of the Tsugaru Strait. This is because we are unable to exclude the possibility that these fossils are referable toL. timiduson the basis of site location alone. Thus, utilising images of mandibular third premolar teeth obtained via microcomputed tomography scanning, we report (a) linear measurements, (b) a survey of the frequency of appearance of nonmetric traits, and (c) principal component analysis using landmark methods. The results show that fossil representatives of the genusLepuscan be differentiated from extantL. timidusand closely resembleL. brachyurus. Considering the past allopatric distribution of the 2 species suggested by other studies as well as fossil records around the Tsugaru Strait, this result corroborates the existing hypothesis that only large and highly mobile ungulates were able to navigate the Tsugaru Strait.
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