Closing the Balances of Ice, Water and Sediment Fluxes Through the Terminus of Gepatschferner
Closing the Balances of Ice, Water and Sediment Fluxes Through the Terminus of Gepatschferner
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通过 Gepatschferner 终点关闭冰、水和沉积物通量的平衡
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-94184-4_5
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发表时间：
--
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stocker-Waldhuber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stocker-Waldhuber
Gepatschferner的终点（北纬46°52′，东经10°46′）在联合项目PROSA中进行了详细的冰川学调查。采用了直接法和大地测量法。具体而言，在消融标桩上测量的冰面下降确定了冰川表面的质量损失，用差分全球定位系统在同一标桩上直接测量了冰面速度，大地测量雷达和振动地震探测开始运作，以调查冰的厚度和冰下沉积物的厚度。多个高分辨率机载激光扫描（ALS）调查记录总体积变化。与冰水和沉积物平衡的差异化研究相反，这些平衡的结合是研究冰川物质交换和确定冰川系统内主导过程的适当方法。对进入海拔2 875米狭窄终点并在2 200米冰川鼻端离开的冰、水和沉积物通量的计算或估计，依据的是冰川运动、表面和基底融化速率，以及从地面激光重复扫描记录的岩石面和冰碛基岩侵蚀向冰川的横向物质迁移。在对Gepatschferner进行调查的过程中，观察到多次落石事件和冰下沉积物的快速排空。Gepatschferner冰川系统内的最高质量通量与这些极端或偶发事件有关，这些事件超过了正常的年度过程的多个数量级。因此，本研究期间的相关地球物理过程并不代表长期平均值（如果存在的话）。然而，它们确实展示了一系列有趣的自然发生情况。在此期间，2875 m处横截面的平均速度为每年22.5 m。在该剖面下方，2012年至2015年期间，终端的冰损失相当于平均每年3.61米的表面下降。
The terminus of Gepatschferner (46°52′ N, 10°46′ E) was subject to detailed glaciological investigations in the joint project PROSA. Both direct and geodetic methods were applied. Specifically, ice surface lowering measured at ablation stakes determined mass loss at the glacier surface, ice surface velocity was measured directly at the same stakes with differential GPS, and geodetic radar and vibroseismic soundings came into operation to investigate ice thickness and thickness of subglacial sediments. Multiple high-resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS) surveys document total volume changes. In contrast to a differentiated examination of the balances of ice water and sediments, the combination of these balances was an appropriate approach for investigating glacier mass exchanges and identifying dominant processes within the glacial system. The calculation or estimate of the fluxes of ice, water and sediments entering the narrow terminus at an elevation of 2875 m and leaving it at the glacier snout at 2200 m was based on glacier motion, surface and basal melt rates and on the lateral mass transport to the glacier from rock face and moraine bedrock erosion recorded from repeated terrestrial laser scans. In the course of the investigations on Gepatschferner, multiple rockfall events and the rapid evacuation of subglacial sediments were observed. The highest mass fluxes within the glacial system of Gepatschferner were associated with these extreme or episodic events, which exceeded the normal annual processes by multiple orders of magnitude. The relevant geophysical processes in this study period were thus not representative of long-term averages, if these ever existed. They did, however, display an interesting spectrum of naturally occurring situations. In that period, the mean velocity through the cross section at 2875 m was 22.5 m per year. Below that profile, the ice loss at the terminus corresponds to a mean surface lowering of 3.61 m per year between 2012 and 2015.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
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作者：
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