Beyond assessing knowledge about models and modeling: Moving toward expansive, meaningful, and equitable modeling practice

Beyond assessing knowledge about models and modeling: Moving toward expansive, meaningful, and equitable modeling practice
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除了评估有关模型和建模的知识之外:走向广泛、有意义和公平的建模实践

DOI:
10.1002/tea.21770
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Manz, Eve
Manz, Eve
中科院分区:
教育学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schwarz, Christina V.;Ke, Li;Salgado, Michelle;Manz, Eve

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建模是一种强大的科学和工程实践(国家研究委员会,2012)。建模的核心工作是通过迭代开发表示来体现、使用和提炼思想,以描述、连接、解释和预测现象和系统。也就是说,用于思考过程或系统的任何对象或表示都可以被视为模型。有多种形式可以发挥建模功能,而且对于不同环境和不同学科的人们来说,这些形式可能非常不同。从这个角度来看,测试计算机模拟来预测气候变化的影响,并使用流表等物理实施例来思考河流如何随时间变化,都可以被视为建模行为。儿童的假装游戏(美国国家科学、工程和医学院,2021)以及代代相传的故事也可以体现关键关系和系统(Kimmerer,2013;Marin&Bang,2018)。建模对于 PK-16 环境中的学习者来说非常有用。它可以支持学习者的意义建构,使他们能够外化和修改他们的想法,将其公开,并将科学知识的发展体验为一个社会的、推测的和迭代的过程(Passmore & Stewart, 2002; Schwarz et al., 2009)。在过去的 35 年里,科学教育研究人员已经积累了有关建模实践的重要知识。教师、课堂学习环境和课程在学习者如何参与建模实践方面都发挥着重要作用(例如,Salgado,2021;Vo 等人,2015;Windschitl 等人,2008;
Modeling is a powerful science and engineering practice (National Research Council, 2012). The core work of modeling is embodying, using, and refining ideas through iteratively developing representations to describe, connect, explain, and predict phenomena and systems. That is, any object or representation that is used to think about a process or system can be considered as a model. There are a variety of forms that serve the function of modeling—and those can be remarkably diverse for people in a variety of settings and in different disciplines. From this point of view, testing computer simulations to predict the effects of climate change and using physical embodiments like stream tables to think about how rivers change over time can be considered as acts of modeling. And so, too, can children's pretend play (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2021) and stories developed and told across generations that exemplify critical relationships and systems (Kimmerer, 2013; Marin & Bang, 2018). Modeling can be powerful for learners in PK-16 settings. It can support learners' sensemaking by enabling them to externalize and revise their ideas, making them public, and experiencing science knowledge development as a social, conjectural, and iterative process (Passmore & Stewart, 2002; Schwarz et al., 2009). Over the past 35 years, science educational researchers have generated critical knowledge about the practice of modeling. Teachers, the classroom learning environment, and curriculum all play an important role in how learners can engage in modeling practice (eg, Salgado, 2021; Vo et al., 2015; Windschitl et al., 2008;
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