Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: From biochemistry and gene structure to clinical implications of NOS3 polymorphisms.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: From biochemistry and gene structure to clinical implications of NOS3 polymorphisms.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.061
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发表时间:
2016-01-10
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Tanus-Santos JE
Tanus-Santos JE
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oliveira-Paula GH;Lacchini R;Tanus-Santos JE

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一氧化氮(NO)是一种重要的血管扩张剂,在心血管稳态中具有公认的作用。虽然介体由L-精氨酸通过神经元、内皮和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(分别为NOS 1、NOS 3和NOS 2)合成,但NOS 3是心血管系统中NO形成的最重要的同种型。NOS 3是一种二聚体酶,其表达和活性在转录、转录后和翻译后水平受到调节。编码NOS 3的NOS 3基因表现出许多多态性位点,包括单核苷酸多态性(SNP)、可变数目串联重复序列(VNTR)、微卫星和插入/缺失。一些NOS 3多态性对NOS 3表达或活性显示功能性影响,从而影响NO形成。有趣的是,许多研究已经评估了功能性NOS 3多态性对疾病易感性和药物反应的影响。此外,一些研究已经调查了NOS 3单倍型如何影响内源性NO形成和疾病易感性。在本文中,我们进行了全面的综述,以提供对NOS 3调节所涉及的生化机制的基本了解,以及NOS 3的遗传变异如何转化为相关的临床和药物遗传学意义。
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasodilator with a well-established role in cardiovascular homeostasis. While mediator is synthesized from L-arginine by neuronal, endothelial, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (NOS1, NOS3 and NOS2 respectively), NOS3 is the most important isoform for NO formation in the cardiovascular system. NOS3 is a dimeric enzyme whose expression and activity are regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. The NOS3 gene, which encodes NOS3, exhibits a number of polymorphic sites including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), microsatellites, and insertions/deletions. Some NOS3 polymorphisms show functional effects on NOS3 expression or activity, thereby affecting NO formation. Interestingly, many studies have evaluated the effects of functional NOS3 polymorphisms on disease susceptibility and drug responses. Moreover, some studies have investigated how NOS3 haplotypes may impact endogenous NO formation and disease susceptibility. In this article, we carried out a comprehensive review to provide a basic understanding of biochemical mechanisms involved in NOS3 regulation and how genetic variations in NOS3 may translate into relevant clinical and pharmacogenetic implications.
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