Sulfenic acid chemistry, detection and cellular lifetime.
Sulfenic acid chemistry, detection and cellular lifetime.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.040
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发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Carroll KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta V;Carroll KS
活性氧介导的半胱氨酸次磺酸修饰已经成为细胞信号传导中的重要调节机制。次磺酸在蛋白质中的稳定性取决于局部微环境和抗氧化剂减少这种修饰的能力。已经开发了几种用于检测这种半胱氨酸修饰的技术，包括直接和原位方法。本文综述了次磺酸化学的历史讨论，并强调了这种修饰在蛋白质中的关键例子。全面调查可用的检测技术的优点和局限性进行了讨论。最后，有关次磺酸形成率，减少和化学捕集方法的问题也包括在内。亚磺酸的早期化学模型对这种物种的独特反应性产生了重要的见解。随后的开创性研究导致了蛋白质中次磺酸形成的表征。与此同时，氧化剂介导的细胞信号传导途径和病理性氧化应激的发现引起了人们对检测这些修饰的方法的极大兴趣。先进的方法允许直接在细胞和组织中直接化学捕获蛋白质次磺酸。同时，许多次磺酸是短寿命的，必须提高当前探针的反应性以对这些物质进行采样，同时保持它们的化学选择性。具有结合支架的抑制剂可以被合理地设计为靶向特定蛋白质中的次磺酸修饰。蛋白质次磺酸在生理和病理学中的作用越来越被发现。对次磺酸介导的调节机制的更完整的理解将继续需要严格的和新的化学见解。这篇文章是一个特殊问题的一部分，题为目前的方法来研究活性氧-利弊和膜蛋白的生物物理学。客座编辑：克莉丝汀温特伯恩。
Reactive oxygen species-mediated cysteine sulfenic acid modification has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in cell signaling. The stability of sulfenic acid in proteins is dictated by the local microenvironment and ability of antioxidants to reduce this modification. Several techniques for detecting this cysteine modification have been developed, including direct and in situ methods. This review presents a historical discussion of sulfenic acid chemistry and highlights key examples of this modification in proteins. A comprehensive survey of available detection techniques with advantages and limitations is discussed. Finally, issues pertaining to rates of sulfenic acid formation, reduction, and chemical trapping methods are also covered. Early chemical models of sulfenic acid yielded important insights into the unique reactivity of this species. Subsequent pioneering studies led to the characterization of sulfenic acid formation in proteins. In parallel, the discovery of oxidant-mediated cell signaling pathways and pathological oxidative stress has led to significant interest in methods to detect these modifications. Advanced methods allow for direct chemical trapping of protein sulfenic acids directly in cells and tissues. At the same time, many sulfenic acids are short-lived and the reactivity of current probes must be improved to sample these species, while at the same time, preserving their chemical selectivity. Inhibitors with binding scaffolds can be rationally designed to target sulfenic acid modifications in specific proteins. Ever increasing roles for protein sulfenic acids have been uncovered in physiology and pathology. A more complete understanding of sulfenic acid-mediated regulatory mechanisms will continue to require rigorous and new chemical insights. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
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