The why and how of DNA unlinking.

The why and how of DNA unlinking.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkp041
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发表时间:
2009-02
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Zechiedrich L
Zechiedrich L
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu Z;Deibler RW;Chan HS;Zechiedrich L

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DNA的核苷酸序列是遗传信息库。然而,现在很清楚的是,DNA本身在调节细胞提取信息的能力方面发挥着积极的作用。基本的生物学过程,包括基因转录的控制、DNA的复制和分离、基因组的维持和细胞分化,除了受序列本身的调控外,还受到DNA的构象和拓扑性质的影响。这些DNA特征是如何表现出如此惊人的效果的,细胞是如何调节它们的?在这篇综述中,我们描述了DNA拓扑的错误调节如何导致细胞功能障碍。然后,我们讨论细胞如何防止这些拓扑问题。我们最后讨论了最近的理论进展,表明拓扑问题本身可以提供必要的线索,通过2型拓扑异构酶来解决这些问题。
The nucleotide sequence of DNA is the repository of hereditary information. Yet, it is now clear that the DNA itself plays an active role in regulating the ability of the cell to extract its information. Basic biological processes, including control of gene transcription, faithful DNA replication and segregation, maintenance of the genome and cellular differentiation are subject to the conformational and topological properties of DNA in addition to the regulation imparted by the sequence itself. How do these DNA features manifest such striking effects and how does the cell regulate them? In this review, we describe how misregulation of DNA topology can lead to cellular dysfunction. We then address how cells prevent these topological problems. We close with a discussion on recent theoretical advances indicating that the topological problems, themselves, can provide the cues necessary for their resolution by type-2 topoisomerases.
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