Environmental and host factors that contribute to prion strain evolution.
Environmental and host factors that contribute to prion strain evolution.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00401-021-02310-6
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Bartz JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartz JC
朊病毒是完全由PrPSc组成的新型病原体，PrPSc是宿主朊病毒蛋白PrPC的自模板构象。朊病毒株在操作上被定义为由PrPSc的株特异性构象编码的疾病的可遗传表型。影响种群中菌株相对分布的因素才刚刚开始被理解。对于具有感染性病因的朊病毒，环境因素，如与表面的菌株特异性结合和耐候性，可以影响哪些菌株可传播给初始宿主。通过自然感染途径的感染效率的菌株特异性差异也可以选择朊病毒菌株。宿主朊蛋白的氨基酸序列对朊病毒株的库有最大的影响。PrPC的相对丰度、PrPC的翻译后修饰和参与朊病毒转化的细胞辅因子也可以提供有利于朊病毒菌株子集流行的条件。此外，朊病毒菌株可以相互干扰，影响优势菌株的出现。总体而言，环境和宿主因素都可能影响种群内菌株的库和分布。
Prions are novel pathogens that are composed entirely of PrPSc, the self-templating conformation of the host prion protein, PrPC. Prion strains are operationally defined as a heritable phenotype of disease that are encoded by strain-specific conformations of PrPSc. The factors that influence the relative distribution of strains in a population are only beginning to be understood. For prions with an infectious etiology, environmental factors, such as strain-specific binding to surfaces and resistance to weathering, can influence which strains are available for transmission to a naïve host. Strain-specific differences in efficiency of infection by natural routes of infection can also select for prion strains. The host amino acid sequence of PrPC has the greatest effect on dictating the repertoire of prion strains. The relative abundance of PrPC, post-translational modifications of PrPC and cellular co-factors involved in prion conversion can also provide conditions that favor the prevalence of a subset of prion strains. Additionally, prion strains can interfere with each other, influencing the emergence of a dominant strain. Overall, both environmental and host factors may influence the repertoire and distribution of strains within a population.
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