Motor dexterity and strength depend upon integrity of the attention-control system.
Motor dexterity and strength depend upon integrity of the attention-control system.
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运动灵量和强度取决于注意力控制系统的完整性。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1715617115
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发表时间：
2018-01-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bentley P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rinne P;Hassan M;Fernandes C;Han E;Hennessy E;Waldman A;Sharma P;Soto D;Leech R;Malhotra PA;Bentley P
简单的自主运动（例如，伸手或抓握）随着注意力分散而恶化，这表明抑制注意力分散的注意力控制系统影响运动控制。在这里，我们测试的因果关系依赖简单的动作注意力控制，其神经解剖学基础，在健康的老年人和患者局灶性脑病变。我们不仅发现注意力控制与运动表现相关，纠正了损伤大小，疲劳等，但我们发现了一个揭示性的分离模式：注意力控制正常的人可能会出现严重的运动障碍，而不成比例的轻度运动障碍则不会出现注意力控制障碍，这表明注意力控制是正常运动表现所必需的。其中一个含义是，中风瘫痪的一个组成部分来自注意力控制不良，这本身就可能是一个治疗目标。注意控制（或执行控制）是通过与运动系统的密切相互作用参与反应选择和抑制的高级认知功能。在这里，我们测试是否注意力控制的影响也被视为对较低水平的运动功能的灵活性和力量，通过检查注意力控制和运动性能之间的关系，在健康的老年人和偏瘫-中风的主题（n = 93和167，分别）。受试者进行简单的跟踪，精确举行，最大的力量生成任务，每只手。所有任务的表现都与注意力控制（以分心物阻力测量）密切相关，独立于基线表现、手部使用、病变大小、情绪、疲劳或在运动或非运动认知任务期间是否测试分心等因素。重要的是，不对称的解离发生在所有的任务，在严重的运动障碍与正常（或受损）的注意力控制共存，而正常的运动表现从来没有与受损的注意力控制（低于任务依赖阈值）。这意味着灵巧和力量的产生需要完整的注意力控制。随后，我们研究了运动和注意力控制表现如何映射到病变部位和大脑功能连接。运动表现的一个组成部分（共同的双臂），以及注意力控制，与扣带-鳃盖“显着性”网络的解剖和功能的完整性。独立于此，手臂之间的运动表现差异与初级感觉运动网络和皮质脊髓束的完整性呈负相关。这些结果表明，显著性网络，其注意力控制功能，是必要的几乎所有的意志运动行为，而它的损害有助于显着的主要运动缺陷的中风。
Simple voluntary movements (e.g., reaching or gripping) deteriorate with distraction, suggesting that the attention-control system—which suppresses distraction—influences motor control. Here, we tested the causal dependency of simple movements on attention control, and its neuroanatomical basis, in healthy elderly and patients with focal brain lesions. Not only did we find that attention control correlates with motor performance, correcting for lesion size, fatigue, etc., but we found a revealing pattern of dissociations: Severe motor impairment could occur with normal attention control whereas impaired attention control never occurred with disproportionately milder motor impairment—suggesting that attention control is required for normal motor performance. One implication is that a component of stroke paralysis arises from poor attentional control, which could itself be a therapeutic target. Attention control (or executive control) is a higher cognitive function involved in response selection and inhibition, through close interactions with the motor system. Here, we tested whether influences of attention control are also seen on lower level motor functions of dexterity and strength—by examining relationships between attention control and motor performance in healthy-aged and hemiparetic-stroke subjects (n = 93 and 167, respectively). Subjects undertook simple-tracking, precision-hold, and maximum force-generation tasks, with each hand. Performance across all tasks correlated strongly with attention control (measured as distractor resistance), independently of factors such as baseline performance, hand use, lesion size, mood, fatigue, or whether distraction was tested during motor or nonmotor cognitive tasks. Critically, asymmetric dissociations occurred in all tasks, in that severe motor impairment coexisted with normal (or impaired) attention control whereas normal motor performance was never associated with impaired attention control (below a task-dependent threshold). This implies that dexterity and force generation require intact attention control. Subsequently, we examined how motor and attention-control performance mapped to lesion location and cerebral functional connectivity. One component of motor performance (common to both arms), as well as attention control, correlated with the anatomical and functional integrity of a cingulo-opercular “salience” network. Independently of this, motor performance difference between arms correlated negatively with the integrity of the primary sensorimotor network and corticospinal tract. These results suggest that the salience network, and its attention-control function, are necessary for virtually all volitional motor acts while its damage contributes significantly to the cardinal motor deficits of stroke.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Medina J;Kimberg DY;Chatterjee A;Coslett HB
通讯作者：
Coslett HB
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Abela E;Missimer JH;Federspiel A;Seiler A;Hess CW;Sturzenegger M;Wiest R;Weder BJ
通讯作者：
Weder BJ
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Corbetta M;Ramsey L;Callejas A;Baldassarre A;Hacker CD;Siegel JS;Astafiev SV;Rengachary J;Zinn K;Lang CE;Connor LT;Fucetola R;Strube M;Carter AR;Shulman GL
通讯作者：
Shulman GL
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Bjorkdahl, Ann;Akerlund, Elisabeth;Esbjornsson, Eva
通讯作者：
Esbjornsson, Eva
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2005.1634
发表时间：
2005-05-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Beckmann, CF;DeLuca, M;Smith, SM
通讯作者：
Smith, SM