Patterns in Leptospira Shedding in Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Brazilian Slum Communities at High Risk of Disease Transmission.
Patterns in Leptospira Shedding in Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Brazilian Slum Communities at High Risk of Disease Transmission.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003819
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Childs JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa F;Wunder EA Jr;De Oliveira D;Bisht V;Rodrigues G;Reis MG;Ko AI;Begon M;Childs JE
我们解决了一些关键的，但未知的参数的个人和群体的挪威大鼠（褐家鼠），影响钩端螺旋体感染，维护和螺旋体负荷脱落在尿液中，污染环境，最终导致人类感染。我们的研究在巴西萨尔瓦多进行，确定阳性肾脏中钩端螺旋体的平均载量为5.9 x 106/mL（范围3.1-8.2 x 106）基因组当量（GEq），与配对尿液中获得的6.1 x 106/mL（范围2.2-9.4 x 106）平均值相似，两者之间存在显著正相关（R2=0.78）。基于双变量和多变量建模，我们发现肾脏和尿液样本的钩端螺旋体负荷随着大鼠年龄的增加（基于体重指数），MAT滴度和创伤/疤痕的存在而增加，并随捕获部位而变化。一些关联因性别而改变，但趋势是明显的。结合萨尔瓦多鼠群中钩端螺旋体携带的人口统计学特征和患病率数据，我们估计82人的尿中每日钩端螺旋体载量超过9.1 x 1010个钩端螺旋体。这些因素直接影响人类感染钩端螺旋体的风险，并提供了将鼠群特性与人类感染风险联系起来的重要流行病学信息。钩端螺旋体病是由钩端螺旋体引起的人类疾病。它通常是通过接触被老鼠尿液中的钩端螺旋体污染的水/土壤而感染的，而老鼠是城市环境中最重要的宿主。我们评估了位置、性别、年龄和其他大鼠特征如何影响钩端螺旋体流入环境的数量。我们发现，来自不同地点的大鼠能够排出不同浓度的钩端螺旋体。老鼠种群每天能够排出超过10亿个钩端螺旋体。这项研究的结果提供了有关鼠群与人类钩端螺旋体病风险之间关系的信息。
We address some critical but unknown parameters of individuals and populations of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) that influence leptospiral infection, maintenance and spirochetal loads shed in urine, which contaminates the environment ultimately leading to human infection. Our study, conducted in Salvador, Brazil, established the average load of leptospires in positive kidneys to be 5.9 x 106 per mL (range 3.1-8.2 x106) genome equivalents (GEq), similar to the 6.1 x 106 per ml (range 2.2-9.4 x106) average obtained from paired urines, with a significant positive correlation (R2=0.78) between the two. Based on bivariate and multivariate modeling, we found with both kidney and urine samples that leptospiral loads increased with the age of rats (based on the index of body length to mass), MAT titer and the presence of wounding/scars, and varied with site of capture. Some associations were modified by sex but trends were apparent. Combining with data on the demographic properties and prevalence of leptospiral carriage in rat populations in Salvador, we estimated that daily leptospiral loads shed in the urine of a population of 82 individuals exceeded 9.1 x 1010 leptospires. These factors directly influence the risk of leptospiral acquisition among humans and provide essential epidemiological information linking properties of rat populations with risk of human infection. Leptospirosis is a human disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira. It is often acquired through contact with water/soil contaminated with leptospires shed in the urine of rats, the most important reservoirs in urban environment. We evaluated how location, sex, age and other rat characteristics can influence the amount of leptospires shed into the environment. We found that rats from different locations were able to shed different concentrations of leptospires. Rat populations were able to shed more than one billion leptospires per day. The findings of this study provide information linking rat population and the risk of human leptospirosis.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Gouvela, Edilane L.;Metcalfe, John;Ko, Albert I.
通讯作者：
Ko, Albert I.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Desvars, A.;Michault, A.;Chiroleu, F.
通讯作者：
Chiroleu, F.
DOI：
10.1080/0960312002001500
发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Barcellos, C;Sabroza, PC
通讯作者：
Sabroza, PC
DOI：
10.1037/h0045421
发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BOLLES, RC
通讯作者：
BOLLES, RC
影响因子：
3
作者：
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者：
AKAIKE, H