Effects of short-term, sublethal fipronil and its metabolite on dragonfly feeding activity.
Effects of short-term, sublethal fipronil and its metabolite on dragonfly feeding activity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0200299
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Goka K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jinguji H;Ohtsu K;Ueda T;Goka K
蜻蜓（Sympetrum spp.）对农业是不可或缺的，也是日本文化的核心元素。然而，近几十年来，水稻田里的褐蝽数量有所下降。蜻蜓幼虫是一种掠食性水生昆虫，以在缓慢流动或静止的水中发现的其他生物为食。在农业中越来越多地使用氟虫腈和新烟碱类杀虫剂，也增加了在幼虫期通过水稻土壤和水接触到双孢虫。氟虫腈杀虫剂在蜻蜓数量下降过程中的作用值得关注，本文研究了氟虫腈杀虫剂对两种蛱蝶取食行为的亚致死效应，并根据捕获猎物的数量和捕获猎物的时间，确定了氟虫腈和氟虫腈砜暴露48 h后，取食抑制可能是蛱蝶数量下降的潜在机制。氟虫腈砜在0.01 ~ 1000 μg/L浓度范围内均显著降低了粉蚧的食用量。1、10、100和1000 μg/L氟虫腈暴露次数显著延长了捕获次数。氟虫腈砜在急性毒性、摄食抑制和延迟毒性方面分别是氟虫腈的2.8倍、9.7倍和10.5倍。氟虫腈砜的毒性分别是氟虫腈的6.6倍、2.9倍和9.1倍。我们的研究结果表明，在现实的水稻土壤和水浓度下，进食抑制的亚致死效应导致了严重的死亡。我们的研究结果首次证明，短期暴露于氟虫腈和氟虫腈砜会由于摄食抑制而对蜻蜓幼虫的存活造成显著损害。这些发现对当前农药风险评估和蜻蜓保护具有指导意义。
Dragonflies, Sympetrum spp., are indispensable to agriculture and are a central element of culture in Japan. However, S. frequens populations in rice paddy fields have declined in recent decades. Dragonfly larvae are predatory aquatic insects that feed on other organisms found in habitats with slow-moving or standing water. The increasing use of fipronil and neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture is also increasing exposure to Sympetrum spp. in larval stages through paddy soil and water. The role of fipronil insecticides in the decline of dragonflies is of concern, and we here examine the sublethal effects of this insecticide on the feeding behaviors of two Sympetrum spp. Based on the quantity of prey items consumed and the time to capture prey items, feeding inhibition was determined to be a potential mechanism of the decline of Sympetrum spp. following 48-h exposure to fipronil and fipronil sulfone. Prey consumption by S. infuscatum was significantly reduced for fipronil sulfone at all concentrations (0.01–1000 μg/L). S. frequens exposed to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/L fipronil sulfone had significantly longer prey capture times. Fipronil sulfone was 2.8, 9.7 and 10.5 times more toxic to S. infuscatum than fipronil in terms of acute toxicity, feeding inhibition and delayed toxicity, respectively. In addition, fipronil sulfone was 6.6, 2.9 and 9.1 times more toxic, respectively, to S. frequens than fipronil. Our findings suggest that sublethal effects on feeding inhibition lead to severe mortality at realistic paddy soil and water concentrations. Our results provide the first demonstration that short-term exposure to fipronil and fipronil sulfone can consequently cause significant harm to dragonfly larvae survival due to feeding inhibition. These findings have implications for current pesticide risk assessment and dragonfly protection.
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