Risk-Taking Propensity in Older Adolescents: Internalizing Symptoms, Gender, and Negative Reinforcement.
Risk-Taking Propensity in Older Adolescents: Internalizing Symptoms, Gender, and Negative Reinforcement.
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DOI：
10.1080/00332747.2016.1230982
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
MacPherson L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dahne J;Lim AC;Borges AM;MacPherson L
从事危险行为，包括物质使用，危险性行为和暴力，往往会在整个青春期增加到年轻的成年。在青春期，一个可能导致危险行为的动机过程是负强化。此外，性别和内化症状（例如，抑郁和焦虑）都可能传递基于负向认知的风险承担的风险。沿着这些路线，目前的研究的目的是（a）检查性别差异的消极冒险为基础的冒险倾向和（B）检查内化症状作为性别和消极冒险为基础的冒险倾向之间的关系的调节剂。参与者包括103名年龄在18岁至21岁之间的青年（50.49%为女性，年龄M（SD）= 19.41（1.06）），他们是在2013年9月至2014年11月期间从一所大型中大西洋大学招募的。参与者完成了自我报告评估的内化心理学和计算机化的行为模拟评估的负面认知为基础的冒险倾向。结果表明，总体而言，女性年龄较大的青少年比男性年龄较大的青少年的负强化条件下的风险更大。此外，内化症状显着调节性别和负性焦虑为基础的风险承担倾向之间的关系，性别和负性焦虑为基础的风险承担倾向之间的关系是不显着的高水平的内化症状，和女性性别是显着的积极预测高度负性焦虑为基础的风险承担倾向在低水平的内化症状。因此，虽然女性青年总体上风险较高，但在低水平的内化症状下，性别对基于消极自我保护的风险承担的预测效用可能最相关。结果进行了讨论，在未来的预防和干预的影响。
Engagement in risk behaviors, including substance use, risky sex, and violence, tends to increase throughout adolescence into young adulthood. One motivational process that may underlie risk behaviors during adolescence is negative reinforcement. Moreover, gender and internalizing symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety) may both convey risk for negative reinforcement–based risk taking. Along these lines, the aims of the current study were to (a) examine gender differences in negative reinforcement–based risk-taking propensity and (b) examine internalizing symptoms as a moderator of the relationship between gender and negative reinforcement–based risk-taking propensity. Participants included 103 youth between the ages of 18 and 21 (50.49% female, age M(SD) = 19.41(1.06)) who were recruited from a large Mid-Atlantic university between September 2013 and November 2014. Participants completed self-report assessments of internalizing symptomatology and a computerized behavioral analog assessment of negative reinforcement–based risk-taking propensity. Results indicated that, overall, female older adolescents were riskier under conditions of negative reinforcement than male older adolescents. In addition, internalizing symptoms significantly moderated the relationship between gender and negative reinforcement–based risk-taking propensity such that the relationship between gender and negative reinforcement–based risk-taking propensity was non-significant at high levels of internalizing symptoms, and female gender was significantly positively predictive of heightened negative reinforcement–based risk-taking propensity at low levels of internalizing symptoms. Thus, although female youth overall were riskier, the predictive utility of gender for negative reinforcement–based risk taking may be most relevant at low levels of internalizing symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of implications for future prevention and intervention.
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