Nogo Receptor 1 (RTN4R) as a candidate gene for schizophrenia: analysis using human and mouse genetic approaches.

Nogo Receptor 1 (RTN4R) as a candidate gene for schizophrenia: analysis using human and mouse genetic approaches.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0001234
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发表时间:
2007-11-28
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Gogos JA
Gogos JA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hsu R;Woodroffe A;Lai WS;Cook MN;Mukai J;Dunning JP;Swanson DJ;Roos JL;Abecasis GR;Karayiorgou M;Gogos JA

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NOGO受体1 (RTN4R)调节轴突生长和损伤后轴突再生。该基因定位于22q11.2精神分裂症易感位点,因此是一个强大的功能和位置候选基因。我们在一个大型阿非利卡人家族样本中评估了常见RTN4R多态性与精神分裂症之间遗传关联的证据,并在来自美国的独立样本中筛选了罕见变异的RTN4R外显子序列。我们还采用动物模型研究来分析RTN4R缺陷小鼠模型中一组与精神分裂症相关的行为任务。我们发现在南非白人患者中常见的RTN4R多态性与精神分裂症之间存在微弱的性别特异性证据。在美国样本中,我们在两名精神分裂症患者中发现了两种新的非保守RTN4R编码变体,这些变体在600条对照染色体中缺失。在我们的互补小鼠模型研究中,我们发现Rtn4r对运动活动的单倍不足影响,但在精神分裂症相关的行为任务中表现正常。我们还提供证据表明,Rtn4r缺乏可以调节出生后短暂性n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体功能低下的长期行为影响。我们的研究结果不支持RTN4R在22q11微缺失个体的精神分裂症易感性或认知和行为缺陷中所起的主要作用。然而,他们认为RTN4R可能会调节一部分患者精神分裂症的遗传风险或临床表达,并确定需要进一步的研究来阐明RTN4R在精神病学表型中的作用。此外,我们的结果提出了关于评估罕见遗传变异在疾病中的重要性及其在因果关系中的作用的有趣问题。
NOGO Receptor 1 (RTN4R) regulates axonal growth, as well as axon regeneration after injury. The gene maps to the 22q11.2 schizophrenia susceptibility locus and is thus a strong functional and positional candidate gene. We evaluate evidence for genetic association between common RTN4R polymorphisms and schizophrenia in a large family sample of Afrikaner origin and screen the exonic sequence of RTN4R for rare variants in an independent sample from the U.S. We also employ animal model studies to assay a panel of schizophrenia-related behavioral tasks in an Rtn4r-deficient mouse model. We found weak sex-specific evidence for association between common RTN4R polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Afrikaner patients. In the U.S. sample, we identified two novel non-conservative RTN4R coding variants in two patients with schizophrenia that were absent in 600 control chromosomes. In our complementary mouse model studies, we identified a haploinsufficient effect of Rtn4r on locomotor activity, but normal performance in schizophrenia-related behavioral tasks. We also provide evidence that Rtn4r deficiency can modulate the long-term behavioral effects of transient postnatal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction. Our results do not support a major role of RTN4R in susceptibility to schizophrenia or the cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in individuals with 22q11 microdeletions. However, they suggest that RTN4R may modulate the genetic risk or clinical expression of schizophrenia in a subset of patients and identify additional studies that will be necessary to clarify the role of RTN4R in psychiatric phenotypes. In addition, our results raise interesting issues about evaluating the significance of rare genetic variants in disease and their role in causation.
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