Metaphor and the ‘emergent property’ problem: A relevance-theoretic treatment.
Metaphor and the ‘emergent property’ problem: A relevance-theoretic treatment.
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隐喻和“新兴财产”问题：关联理论的处理。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Carston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Wilson;R. Carston
对隐喻性话语的解释往往导致自然属性的归因；这些属性既不是孤立地与话语的个别成分标准地联系在一起，也不是由语义构成的标准规则派生出来的。例如，“罗伯特是一台推土机”这句话可能会被理解为把罗伯特的特点归结为专一、坚持按他的方式做事、对别人的意见/感受不敏感等，尽管这些都不包括在与推土机（除土机）相关的百科全书信息中。一个适当的隐喻解释的语用解释必须提供一个解释的过程，通过涌现的性质是派生的。在本文中，我们试图在关联理论的框架内对衍生过程进行明确的描述。我们的描述的主要特征是：(a)隐喻性语言的使用被认为是与其他松散使用的情况，包括夸张的连续体；(b)隐喻解释是一个完全推理的过程，不需要从一个领域（如机器）到另一个领域（如人类）的关联映射；(c)涌现属性的推导不涉及解释普通文字话语所不需要的特殊解释机制。
The interpretation of metaphorical utterances often results in the attribution of emergent properties; these are properties which are neither standardly associated with the individual constituents of the utterance in isolation nor derivable by standard rules of semantic composition. For example, an utterance of ‘Robert is a bulldozer’ may be understood as attributing to Robert such properties as single-mindedness, insistence on having things done in his way, and insensitivity to the opinions/feelings of others, although none of these is included in the encyclopaedic information associated with bulldozers (earth-clearing machines). An adequate pragmatic account of metaphor interpretation must provide an explanation of the processes through which emergent properties are derived. In this paper, we attempt to develop an explicit account of the derivation process couched within the framework of relevance theory. The key features of our account are: (a) metaphorical language use is taken to lie on a continuum with other cases of loose use, including hyperbole; (b) metaphor interpretation is a wholly inferential process, which does not require associative mappings from one domain (e.g. machines) to another (e.g. human beings); (c) the derivation of emergent properties involves no special interpretive mechanisms not required for the interpretation of ordinary, literal utterances.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Gernsbacher, MA;Keysar, B;Werner, NK
通讯作者：
Werner, NK