Factors Influencing Individual Variation in Farm Animal Cognition and How to Account for These Statistically.
Factors Influencing Individual Variation in Farm Animal Cognition and How to Account for These Statistically.
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2018.00193
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Collins LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bushby EV;Friel M;Goold C;Gray H;Smith L;Collins LM
对于养殖物种来说，良好的健康和福利是一个双赢的局面：动物和生产者都可以受益。近年来，动物福利科学家接受了认知科学，以迎接确定动物内部状态的挑战，以便更好地了解动物的福利需求，进而了解更大动物群体的需求。已经开发了一系列认知测试，可以应用于养殖物种来评估一系列认知特征。然而，这也带来了挑战。虽然可能会在物种水平上看到认知差异，但同一物种个体之间和内部的认知能力差异经常被注意到，但在很大程度上没有解释。不考虑个体差异可能会导致误导性的结论，当结果既适用于个人水平，也适用于更高级别的规模。这不仅对我们对个人福利需求的基本理解有影响，而且对更广泛的实验设计和使用动物的研究中样本量的合理性也有影响。我们迫切需要解决这个问题。在这篇综述中，我们将从认知测验的选择、性别、品种、年龄、早期生活环境、教养条件、个性、饮食和动物的微生物群组等方面，对认知结果个体差异的原因的最新研究进展进行综述。我们具体讨论了这些因素中的每一个与最近在养殖物种中的工作相关的影响，并探索了该领域认知研究的未来方向，特别是与允许适当解释个体差异的实验设计和分析技术相关的方向。
For farmed species, good health and welfare is a win-win situation: both the animals and producers can benefit. In recent years, animal welfare scientists have embraced cognitive sciences to rise to the challenge of determining an animal's internal state in order to better understand its welfare needs and by extension, the needs of larger groups of animals. A wide range of cognitive tests have been developed that can be applied in farmed species to assess a range of cognitive traits. However, this has also presented challenges. Whilst it may be expected to see cognitive variation at the species level, differences in cognitive ability between and within individuals of the same species have frequently been noted but left largely unexplained. Not accounting for individual variation may result in misleading conclusions when the results are applied both at an individual level and at higher levels of scale. This has implications both for our fundamental understanding of an individual's welfare needs, but also more broadly for experimental design and the justification for sample sizes in studies using animals. We urgently need to address this issue. In this review, we will consider the latest developments on the causes of individual variation in cognitive outcomes, such as the choice of cognitive test, sex, breed, age, early life environment, rearing conditions, personality, diet, and the animal's microbiome. We discuss the impact of each of these factors specifically in relation to recent work in farmed species, and explore the future directions for cognitive research in this field, particularly in relation to experimental design and analytical techniques that allow individual variation to be accounted for appropriately.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bringmann LF;Vissers N;Wichers M;Geschwind N;Kuppens P;Peeters F;Borsboom D;Tuerlinckx F
通讯作者：
Tuerlinckx F
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
BAILEY, DW;RITTENHOUSE, LR;RICHARDS, RW
通讯作者：
RICHARDS, RW
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Boissy, A;Dumont, B
通讯作者：
Dumont, B
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Bolhuis, J. Elizabeth;Oostindjer, Marije;Kemp, Bas
通讯作者：
Kemp, Bas
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
BALDWIN, BA;MEESE, GB
通讯作者：
MEESE, GB