The Party-Police Nexus in Bangladesh

The Party-Police Nexus in Bangladesh
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孟加拉国的党警关系

DOI:
10.1080/00220388.2022.2055463
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The Journal of Development Studies
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jackman D
Jackman D
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jackman D

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使用胁迫来追求对竞争对手的主导地位通常被视为更加“独裁”和“混合”政治体系的一个决定性特征。然而,在许多情况下,这也是民主的常规组成部分。这些安排之间的区别并不在于暴力和胁迫本身的存在,而在于它们在制度上的组织和部署的精确程度。这里通过孟加拉国的例子来检验这一点,尽管经历了数十年激烈和暴力的政治竞争,执政的人民联盟在大选中连续三届取得压倒性胜利,巩固了控制权。实现这一目标的核心是对国内安全机构的授权,这些机构可以被视为与党存在着“联系”,在国家和地方层面都有所配置。尤其是警察,他们在维护法律和秩序的幌子下被优先考虑、政治化并直接针对反对派。正是这些相互依存的深度标志着孟加拉国近期的政治。这加剧了警察的政治创业精神,并引发了有关这一关系内权力平衡的问题。
The use of coercion to pursue dominance over rivals is often seen as a defining feature of more ‘authoritarian’ and ‘hybrid’ political systems. In many contexts however, it is also a routine part of democracy. The difference between these arrangements then lies not so much in the presence of violence and coercion per se, but in how precisely they are organised institutionally and deployed. This is examined here through the case of Bangladesh, where, despite decades of intense and violent political competition, the ruling Awami League has solidified control through three consecutive landslide victories in general elections. Central to how this has been achieved is the empowerment of domestic security agencies, which can be seen as existing in a ‘nexus’ with the party, configured at both the national and local levels. The police in particular have been prioritised, politicised, and directed against the opposition under cover of maintaining law and order. It is then the depth of these inter-dependencies which marks Bangladesh’s recent politics. This has intensified the political entrepreneurialism of the police, and raises questions concerning the balance of power within this nexus.
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