Programmed Changes in Form during Moss Development.
Programmed Changes in Form during Moss Development.
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苔藓发育过程中形态的程序化变化。
DOI：
10.1105/tpc.9.7.1099
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Dietrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Schumaker;M. Dietrich
想象一个生物体开始发育为萌发的孢子，通过尖端生长产生细丝。发芽后的几天内，仅涉及少数细胞和细胞类型，随着细丝上产生叶状结构，生长模式从二维急剧变化为三维。有了这张简单的图片，我们就可以开始思考苔藓的营养发育。在这篇综述中，我们向读者介绍了苔藓发育所涉及的过程，推测了一些潜在机制，概述了使用苔藓发育来理解一般真核发育要素的一些优势，并确定了需要额外研究和澄清的领域。我们的讨论重点是培养中生长的 Funaria hygrometrica 的发展，以及使用小立碗藓 (Physcomitrella patens) 研究的其他信息。苔藓发育的早期阶段的特点是丝状生长过程中的细胞分化。孢子萌发导致细丝的形成，该细丝由尖端细胞（顶端细胞）和通过尖端细胞的连续分裂产生的亚顶端细胞的线性阵列组成。这些近顶端细胞的壁垂直于细丝轴，并充满大的圆形叶绿体，因此得名绿线虫（图 1A）。作为尖端生长生物体的特征，长度为-1 O0 pm 的亚顶端绿线虫细胞不生长。尖端细胞继续伸长，达到-250 pm的最大长度，并每1 O至12小时分裂一次以延长细丝。绿线虫丝生长持续进行，直到响应于光和生长素的增加，绿线虫尖端细胞的外观开始改变，最终产生第二种丝状细胞类型，即茎线虫。完全发育的茎尖细胞在几个重要方面与绿线虫尖细胞不同。它们长得更长（最长可达下午 400 点），分裂更频繁（每 5 至 6 小时一次），并且拥有更少、更小、更椭圆的叶绿体。在从绿线虫到管状线的转变过程中，新形成的丝状细胞出现过渡，但5至6天后，管状线状细胞很长（-250 pm），几乎透明，并且具有与丝状轴倾斜的交叉壁（图1 B）。一旦管细胞形成开始，随着初始细胞的形成，就会建立新的发育极性轴。
Picture an organism that begins development as a germinated spore to give rise to a filament via tip growth. Within days of germination, and with the involvement of only a few cells and cell types, the pattern of growth changes dramatically from two dimensional to three dimensional as a leafy structure is produced on the filament. With this simple picture in mind, we can begin to think about vegetative development in moss. In this review, we introduce the reader to the processes involved in moss development, speculate on some of the underlying mechanisms, outline some of the advantages of using moss development to understand elements of general eukaryotic development, and identify areas that require additional research and clarification. We focus our discussion on the development of Funaria hygrometrica grown in culture, with additional information from studies using Physcomitrella patens. The very early stages of moss development are characterized by cellular differentiation during filament growth. Spore germination leads to the formation of a filament that is made up of a tip cell (an apical cell) and a linear array of subapical cells that are produced by successive divisions of the tip cell. These subapical cells have walls that are perpendicular to the filament axis and filled with large round chloroplasts, hence their name, chloronema (Figure 1A). As is characteristic of tip-growing organisms, the subapical chloronema cells, which are -1 O0 pm in length, do not grow. The tip cell continues to elongate, reaches a maximum length of -250 pm, and divides every 1 O to 12 hr to extend the filament. Chloronema filament growth continues until, in response to increases in light and auxin, the appearance of the chloronema tip cell begins to change, ultimately giving rise to the second filament cell type, the caulonema. Fully developed caulonema tip cells differ from chloronema tip cells in severa1 important respects. They grow much longer (up to 400 pm), divide more often (every 5 to 6 hr), and possess fewer, smaller, and more elliptical chloroplasts. During the transition from chloronema to caulonema, the newly formed filament cells appear transitional, but after 5 to 6 days, the caulonema cells are long (-250 pm), nearly clear, and have cross walls that are oblique to the filament axis (Figure 1 B). Once caulonema cell formation has begun, a new axis of developmental polarity is set up as an initial cell is formed.
DOI：
10.1128/mr.54.4.381-431.1990
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
Microbiological reviews
影响因子：
--
作者：
Harold,FM
通讯作者：
Harold,FM
细胞分裂素刺激苔藓原生质体中二氢吡啶敏感的钙吸收。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.23.10937
发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Schumaker,KS;Gizinski,MJ
通讯作者：
Gizinski,MJ