Superchiral near fields detect virus structure.
Superchiral near fields detect virus structure.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41377-020-00433-1
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kadodwala M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kakkar T;Keijzer C;Rodier M;Bukharova T;Taliansky M;Love AJ;Milner JJ;Karimullah AS;Barron LD;Gadegaard N;Lapthorn AJ;Kadodwala M
光谱学可以用来快速分析单个分子的结构特性。然而，它不能应用于生物组装，因为光通常对组分分子的空间分布是盲目的。这种不敏感性是由于组装体之间的长度尺度（几十nm）和激发发色团所需的光波长（≥150 nm）不匹配造成的。因此，在传统的光谱学中，有序的集合体，如病毒的二十面体衣壳，似乎是难以区分的各向同性球形物体。这限制了适用于护理点诊断的快速高通量便携式检测的潜在途径。在这里，我们证明了手性电磁（EM）近场，这两个增强的手性不对称性（称为超手性）和亚波长空间定位（10 nm），可以检测病毒衣壳的二十面体结构。因此，它们可以检测结合的病毒衣壳的存在和相对方向。为了说明亚波长超手性场的精细结构灵敏度的潜在用途，我们已经使用它们成功地检测血清复杂环境中的病毒颗粒。一种利用扭曲光场检测生物分子结构的技术可以作为筛选病毒的低成本临床工具。许多病毒（如芜菁黄花叶病毒（TYMV））周围的蛋白质涂层具有复杂的多面体形状，难以用传统的光学显微镜解析。来自英国格拉斯哥大学的Malcolm Kadodwala和其他同事现在报告说，“超手性”光--由金属纳米结构在行进时螺旋状产生的局部场--对TYMV的不对称多面体敏感。通过在不同频率的超手性光中对粒子旋转进行光谱测量，研究小组确定了与金光子衬底上的病毒排列相关的特定不对称信号。然后使用该方法测定加标病毒的人血清中的TYMV水平。
Optical spectroscopy can be used to quickly characterise the structural properties of individual molecules. However, it cannot be applied to biological assemblies because light is generally blind to the spatial distribution of the component molecules. This insensitivity arises from the mismatch in length scales between the assemblies (a few tens of nm) and the wavelength of light required to excite chromophores (≥150 nm). Consequently, with conventional spectroscopy, ordered assemblies, such as the icosahedral capsids of viruses, appear to be indistinguishable isotropic spherical objects. This limits potential routes to rapid high-throughput portable detection appropriate for point-of-care diagnostics. Here, we demonstrate that chiral electromagnetic (EM) near fields, which have both enhanced chiral asymmetry (referred to as superchirality) and subwavelength spatial localisation (∼10 nm), can detect the icosahedral structure of virus capsids. Thus, they can detect both the presence and relative orientation of a bound virus capsid. To illustrate the potential uses of the exquisite structural sensitivity of subwavelength superchiral fields, we have used them to successfully detect virus particles in the complex milieu of blood serum. A technique that uses twisted light fields to detect biomolecular structures could find application as a low-cost clinical tool for screening viruses. The protein coatings around many viruses, such as the turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), have complex polyhedral shapes that are difficult to resolve with conventional optical microscopes. Malcolm Kadodwala from the University of Glasgow and other colleagues in the United Kingdom now report that ‘superchiral’ light — localized fields generated by metal nanostructures that spiral as they travel — are sensitive to the asymmetric polyhedral of TYMV. By spectroscopic measurements of particle rotations in superchiral light at different frequencies, the team identified specific asymmetric signals that correlated to virus alignment on gold photonic substrates. This approach was then used to determine TYMV levels in human blood serum spiked with the virus.
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