Oocyte determination and the origin of polarity in Drosophila: the role of the spindle genes.
Oocyte determination and the origin of polarity in Drosophila: the role of the spindle genes.
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果蝇卵母细胞测定和极性起源：纺锤体基因的作用。
作者：
A. González;Heather Elliott;Daniel St Johnston
果蝇的两个主要身体轴在卵子发生过程中经过一系列的破卵步骤而极化。每个卵腔中的16个生殖细胞中有两个发育为原卵母细胞，当这些细胞中的一个被选择成为卵母细胞时，第一个不对称性出现。前后极性起源于卵母细胞位于保育细胞的后部，并通过Gurken/Egfr通路发出信号，诱导相邻的卵泡细胞采取后向命运。这指导了生殖囊泡和相关的gurken mRNA从卵母细胞的后部到前部的运动，在那里，Gurken蛋白第二次发出信号以诱导背侧卵泡细胞，从而极化背腹轴。在这里，我们描述了一组由五个基因组成的纺锤体基因座，它们是每一个这些极化事件所需的。纺锤体突变体通过破坏GurkenmRNA的定位和翻译来抑制后部和背侧卵泡细胞的诱导。此外，卵母细胞往往无法到达突变卵室的后部并异常分化。最后，双突变体通过延迟在这两种细胞之间的选择，导致两种原卵母细胞发育为卵母细胞。因此，这些突变体揭示了果蝇卵母细胞选择，卵母细胞定位和轴形成之间的一种新的联系，使我们提出，纺锤体基因的行为在一个过程中，这是共同的几个这些事件。
The two main body axes in Drosophila become polarised as a result of a series of symmetry-breaking steps during oogenesis. Two of the sixteen germline cells in each egg chamber develop as pro-oocytes, and the first asymmetry arises when one of these cells is selected to become the oocyte. Anterior-posterior polarity originates when the oocyte then comes to lie posterior to the nurse cells and signals through the Gurken/Egfr pathway to induce the adjacent follicle cells to adopt a posterior fate. This directs the movement of the germinal vesicle and associated gurken mRNA from the posterior to an anterior corner of the oocyte, where Gurken protein signals for a second time to induce the dorsal follicle cells, thereby polarising the dorsal-ventral axis. Here we describe a group of five genes, the spindle loci, which are required for each of these polarising events. spindle mutants inhibit the induction of both the posterior and dorsal follicle cells by disrupting the localisation and translation of gurken mRNA. Moreover, the oocyte often fails to reach the posterior of mutant egg chambers and differentiates abnormally. Finally, double mutants cause both pro-oocytes to develop as oocytes, by delaying the choice between these two cells. Thus, these mutants reveal a novel link between oocyte selection, oocyte positioning and axis formation in Drosophila, leading us to propose that the spindle genes act in a process that is common to several of these events.
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影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Lilly, MA;Spradling, AC
通讯作者：
Spradling, AC
果蝇第二条染色体上的雌性不育突变。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Schüpbach,T;Wieschaus,E
通讯作者：
Wieschaus,E
脑神经源性位点与果蝇 EGF 受体合作建立卵泡并确定其背腹极性。
DOI：
10.1242/dev.116.1.177
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Goode,S;Wright,D;Mahowald,AP
通讯作者：
Mahowald,AP
果蝇卵子发生过程中细胞骨架的重组：对轴规范和细胞间运输的影响。
DOI：
10.1242/dev.115.4.923
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Theurkauf,WE;Smiley,S;Wong,ML;Alberts,BM
通讯作者：
Alberts,BM
DOI：
10.1242/dev.118.4.1169
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Theurkauf,WE;Alberts,BM;Jan,YN;Jongens,TA
通讯作者：
Jongens,TA