Toxoplasma polymorphic effectors determine macrophage polarization and intestinal inflammation.

Toxoplasma polymorphic effectors determine macrophage polarization and intestinal inflammation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2011.04.015
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发表时间:
2011-06-16
影响因子:
30.3
通讯作者:
Saeij JP
Saeij JP
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jensen KD;Wang Y;Wojno ED;Shastri AJ;Hu K;Cornel L;Boedec E;Ong YC;Chien YH;Hunter CA;Boothroyd JC;Saeij JP

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欧洲和北美的弓形虫株属于三种不同的克隆谱系,即I型、II型和III型,它们的毒力不同。了解弓形虫菌株差异的基础以及分泌的效应物如何实现慢性感染是当前研究的主要目标。在这里,我们表明,I型和III型感染的巨噬细胞,所需的宿主免疫弓形虫的细胞类型,是交替激活,而II型感染的巨噬细胞是经典激活。激活STAT 6的弓形虫棒状体激酶ROP 16负责交替激活。激活NF-κB的弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白GRA 15促进II型寄生虫的经典激活。这些效应物拮抗性地调节许多相同的基因,并且用表达I型ROP 16的II型寄生虫感染的小鼠被保护免于弓形虫诱导的回肠炎。因此,调节巨噬细胞活化的决定因素的多态性影响弓形虫建立慢性感染的能力。
European and North American strains of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii belong to three distinct clonal lineages, type I, II and III, which differ in virulence. Understanding the basis of Toxoplasma strain differences and how secreted effectors work to achieve chronic infection is a major goal of current research. Here we show that type I and III infected macrophages, a cell type required for host immunity to Toxoplasma, are alternatively activated, while type II infected macrophages are classically activated. The Toxoplasma rhoptry kinase ROP16, which activates STAT6, is responsible for alternative activation. The Toxoplasma dense granule protein GRA15, which activates NF-κB, promotes classical activation by type II parasites. These effectors antagonistically regulate many of the same genes, and mice infected with type II parasites expressing type I ROP16 are protected against Toxoplasma-induced ileitis. Thus, polymorphisms in determinants that modulate macrophage activation influence the ability of Toxoplasma to establish a chronic infection.
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