Optimisation of potassium chloride nutrition for proper growth, physiological development and bioactive component production in Prunella vulgaris L.
Optimisation of potassium chloride nutrition for proper growth, physiological development and bioactive component production in Prunella vulgaris L.
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优化氯化钾营养以促进夏枯草的正常生长、生理发育和生物活性成分的产生。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0066259
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Guo Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Y;Yu M;Zhu Z;Zhang L;Guo Q
夏枯草是一种重要的药用植物，具有多种药理活性，但有关其对氯化钾（KCl）补充的反应的信息有限。在具有四种不同KCl水平（0、1.00、6.00和40.00 mM）的培养基中培养P.vulgaris幼苗。三个月后测定了与生长、叶片钾、水和叶绿素含量、光合作用、蒸腾作用、氮代谢、生物活性成分浓度和产量有关的特性。适宜的KCl浓度为6.00 mM时，地上部干重、茎高、穗重、根重、穗长和穗数均达到最高值。最佳KCl浓度导致最大的净光合速率（Pn），可以与最高的叶绿素含量和完全开放的气孔导度。过量KCl的供应导致叶片钾浓度较高，与生物量呈负相关。用适当的KCl水平处理的植物表现出更大的硝酸盐同化能力。净光合速率与硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性呈显著正相关，与叶片可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸（FAA）含量呈显著正相关。KCl饥饿（0 mM）和高KCl（40.00 mM）导致水分流失，通过高蒸腾速率和低吸水率，分别，并导致熊果酸（UA），油酸（OA）和黄酮类化合物的浓度增加，迷迭香酸（RA）除外。此外，最佳浓度的KCl显着提高了RA、UA、OA和黄酮的产量。结果表明，适宜的KCl浓度（6.00 mM）可显著提高夏枯草的生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、氮素吸收能力，降低RA、UA、OA和类黄酮的积累，提高RA、UA、OA和类黄酮的产量。
Prunella vulgaris L. is an important medicinal plant with a variety of pharmacological activities, but limited information is available about its response to potassium chloride (KCl) supplementation. P. vulgaris seedlings were cultured in media with four different KCl levels (0, 1.00, 6.00 and 40.00 mM). Characteristics relating to the growth, foliar potassium, water and chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration, nitrogen metabolism, bioactive constituent concentrations and yield were determined after three months. The appropriate KCl concentration was 6.00 mM to result in the highest values for dry weight, shoot height, spica and root weight, spica length and number in P. vulgaris. The optimum KCl concentration resulted in a maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn) that could be associated with the highest chlorophyll content and fully open stomata conductance. A supply of surplus KCl resulted in a higher concentration of foliar potassium and negatively correlated with the biomass. Plants that were treated with the appropriate KCl level showed a greater capacity for nitrate assimilation. The Pn was significantly and positively correlated with nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities and was positively correlated with leaf-soluble protein and free amino acid (FAA) contents. Both KCl starvation (0 mM) and high KCl (40.00 mM) led to water loss through a high transpiration rate and low water absorption, respectively, and resulted in increased concentrations of ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA) and flavonoids, with the exception of rosmarinic acid (RA). Moreover, the optimum concentration of KCl significantly increased the yields of RA, UA, OA and flavonoids. Our findings suggested that significantly higher plant biomass; chlorophyll content; Pn; stronger nitrogen anabolism; lower RA, UA, OA and flavonoid accumulation; and greater RA, UA, OA and flavonoid yields in P. vulgaris could be expected in the presence of the appropriate KCl concentration (6.00 mM).
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